Eugenol from Cloves Abstract The experiment conducted‚ isolation of eugenol from cloves‚ is the extraction of the essential oil. To perform this experiment cloves and water were mixed together and heated by a heating mantle in a round-bottom flask. A direct stem distillation took place‚ and the oil product was out aside for a week. After one week‚ the isolation of the eugenol actually takes place. Next the thin-layer chromatographic analysis takes place‚ but the experiment did not proceed to
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Chemical equilibrium is a state of balance within a system of chemical reactions. Equilibrium in chemistry is achieved when substances are produced and broken down at the same rate and thus‚ the number of molecules of each substances becomes constant. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that involves the relationship between heat and other forms of energy (Energy‚ Enthalpy‚ and the First Law of Thermodynamics). There is a more specific area of thermodynamics that explicitly pertains to
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– methanol and an unknown liquid – were calculated for through the Dumas Method. Initially‚ the sets of Erlenmeyer flasks with aluminum foil and rubber bands were weighed. Next‚ volatile liquids were placed in 125mL Erlenmeyer flasks and covered with aluminum foil‚ but small holes were made into the foil. The flask was then heated in a water bath until all of the liquid evaporated. The flask was then removed‚ and weighed again after being cooled to room temperature. To determine the molecular weight
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Transfer this solution into a clean 100 mL volumetric flask‚ rinsing the beaker solution into the volumetric flask to get to 100 mL of solution. 4) Pipette 10.0 mL of the standard iron (II) solution into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 5) Titrate the acidic iron (II) sample with KMnO4 (aq). 6) Repeat steps 4 and 5 until three consistent results are obtained within 0.1 mL. 7) Pipette 10.0 mL of H2O2 (aq) solution into a clean 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 8) Measure out 5.0 mL of H2SO4 (aq) solution and add
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Abstract:The Wittig Reaction is a nucleophilic addition in which an alkene is formed as a product. Both the E and Z isomers of the alkene result. Substituents on the aromatic aldehyde affect the E/Z ratio of products that form. In this experiment‚ a nitro group was used as the substituent in the ortho‚ meta and para positions‚ with benzaldehyde as the control. Each of the four aldehydes reacted with (carbethoxymethylene) triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl cinnamate‚ ethyl-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
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Introduction: Laboratory 1 is deigned to prepare students for further labs. Lab 1 allows students to practice their skills at reading data from various types of equipment. It teaches students how to use a Bunsen burner‚ graduated cylinders‚ burettes‚ Erlenmeyer flasks‚ and a balance. Besides just allowing the users to gain experience using different types of equipment‚ this lab will improve the users performance in solving problems of density‚ volume‚ mass‚ average‚ and deviation. In order to solve for density
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I have always seen paper clips as a useful material. I believe that paper clips are a part of my culture due to the 7 m high statue of paper clips situated in my home-country Norway. During World War II the statue symbolized Norwegian nationalism‚ and it was due to John Vaaler the man who invented paper clips that the statue is in Norway today. Paper clips are made from galvanized steel wire‚ meaning that the iron content is less than 100% because it also contains zinc. The galvanization method
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impurities‚ the lower the melting point will be (Preparation). Experimental Synthesis of Aspirin To synthesize aspirin‚ the following materials are needed: Salicylic acid‚ acetic anhydride‚ concentrated sulfuric acid‚ ethanol‚ dropper‚ 125mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ beakers (400mL‚ 100mL‚ 20mL)‚
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I9 EXPERIMENT Charles’Law MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ one-hole rubber stopper‚ glass and rubber tubing‚ pneumatic trough‚ thermometer‚ screw clamp. DISCUSSION The quantitative relationship between the volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is summartzed in Charles’law. This law states: at constant pressure‚ the volume of a particular sample of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Charles’ law may be expressed mathematically: V ". T (constant pressure)
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reaction occurred. Procedure: The following procedures and materials listed are what you will need in order to conduct the experiments end lab results. Equipment needed to perform this experiment is a 50 ml test tube‚ 100 ml beaker‚ 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ Buchner
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