WEEK ONE What is Forensic Psychology? * Psychology * The science of human * Thought * Emotion * Behaviour * Forensic: means ‘of the courts’ * Literal interpretation: ‘Psychology of the courts’ * Criminal psychology * Relates to the psychology of criminal behaviour as well as the social context in which it occurs * Forensic psychology is broader than criminal psychology. It relates to: * Criminal law * Civil law
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criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field‚ mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behavior. Two of the main criminology perspectives are Classical Criminology and Positivist Criminology. Although these two are both studied in the criminology field‚ their views
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theory of body types‚ called the somatotype theory‚ that argued the mesomorph body type to be the most prone to commit crime or deviant behavior. Most recently is the studies on twin adoption used by behavioral geneticists to identify genetic and environmental influences. Although the question still lies‚ which factor gives more insight to criminal behavior: biological explanations or criminological theories. There is no concrete evidence to suggest that biological explanations have made a significant
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Crime is a complex and evolving concept. To what extent can it be explored by focussing on social harm? This essay aims to explore and critically evaluate some of the ways ‘crime’‚ in both its lawful definition and commonly interpreted definition can be broadened‚ from context-specific behaviours and explore how social harm may be a useful concept in understanding ‘beyond the border’ of crime (Open University‚ 2010). Social harm is a ‘disciplinary approach organised around the concept of harm’
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Genetics Genetics is a long disputed possible factor that may be the cause if someone to become a criminal. There are three different studies into the genetic influence in crime‚ family history‚ twin studies and adoption studies. Looking at family history a study by Osborn and West 1972 found that fathers that have criminal convictions have a 40% chance that their sons will also attain a criminal record also. However this is not significant evidence that suggests that there is a strong enough genetic
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Criminological Theory Unit 1: Case Summary A theory is based on an explanation that has been processed to describe an observation‚ phenomenon or a scientific occurrence. “Theory” is a word we use on an everyday basis without giving a second thought about what it is or what it means. The word is used to toss aside information because it is only a “theory”. In relation to science‚ a theory can offer an idea‚ thought or concept that has testable qualities. Based on science‚ there is no guesswork
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Chapter 1Review Lecture: The Field of Criminology – An academic discipline that uses the scientific method to study the nature‚ extent‚ cause‚ and control of criminal behavior. – Interdisciplinary science involving two or more academic fields. • Criminal Justice – System made up of the agencies of social control‚ such as police departments‚ the courts‚ and correctional institutions‚ that handle criminal offenders. What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise – Criminal
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include high corporate espionage and embezzlement. The usual definition of criminals focuses on murderers‚ gang members‚ thieves and other types of people from that strata. Timmer and Eitzen criticized the field of criminology as being partial towards the crimes of the ‘powerful.’ Criminology was often associated with disregarding the ‘crimes of the suit’ and focusing solely on the ‘crimes of the streets’ (Newburn‚ 2013‚ pp.372). Some would even regard white-collar crimes as being more brutal than violent
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Social Learning Theory in Practice Jordan M. Pahl University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh Introduction Social learning theory is one of the most frequently looked at theories in the field of criminology. The theory clarifies that criminal and deviant behavior stems from imitation and reinforcement of one’s environment. Its applications attempt to describe why certain people tend to participate in criminal activities and why others abstain from it. Social learning theory specifies the importance of
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proponents argue that biological factors and genetic composition explain much of human behavior. Nurture proponents contend that environmental factors‚ such as family‚ school‚ church and community‚ are paramount in the development of behavior patterns. Besides‚ some traits‚ such as human intelligence‚ depend upon a complex combination of both hereditary and environmental influences. According to Pollak‚ that there is a new way of looking at these different experiences that turn different genes on
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