E. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Sodium Hydroxide Objectives: To know the reactions of aldehydes and ketones with sodium hydroxide a) State the function of Sodium Hydroxide in the test. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the oxidizing agent. b) What are the principles involved in the test? What is its purpose? Cannizzaro reaction is a reaction that uses a strong base‚ such as sodium hydroxide‚ which results to the formation of a carboxylic acid (or its corresponding salt) and an alcohol
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Introduction: In liver cells‚ hydrogen peroxide is produced as a bi-product of some metabolic reactions. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly active chemical used in household products for bleaches and cleansing wounds. In a cell its build up would be highly toxic. However‚ liver cells contain an enzyme‚ catalase‚ which immediately breaks down hydrogen peroxide. It is a peroxidase and breaks up the toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen which are both nontoxic. The reaction is exothermic‚ meaning that
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quickly. One chemical that is made industrially is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate solution is sold in a range of concentrations. Dilute solutions of sodium thiosulfate can be used for cleaning contact lenses and used as a medicine for some cancer patients. Concentrated solutions are used to treat spillages of some chemicals. Sodium thiosulfate is safe to handle and store‚ but if it is mixed with an acid‚ a reaction happens. When dilute sodium thiosulfate is mixed with an acid‚ solid sulphur
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i. Pentane ii. 2‚ 2-dimethylpropane iii. 2-methylbutane a) How will you synthesize methane from acetic acid? b) A hydrocarbon C4H10 (A) on monochlorination gives a compound C4H9C1 (B). Compound (B) on treatment with sodium metal gives 2‚2 ‚3‚3- tetramethylbutane. What are the structural formulas of (A) and (B)? 8. a) A hydrocarbon of formula C6H12 decolorises bromine solution‚ dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid‚ yields 2-methylpentane on hydrogenation and
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From the experiment‚ it was determined that Sodium chloride had a crystalline structure‚ even after being broken into smaller pieces with a hammer. Even though there was two different types of Sodium chloride‚ coarse and fine‚ they still had a symmetrical‚ three-dimensional shape. All ionic compounds have this structure. It was also found that Sodium chloride had a high melting point and sugar had a low melting point. This is because Sodium chloride is ionic and the bonds holding it together take
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Hydrogen Producing Bacteria was incubated in a complete - mix digester with work volume 1.7 L‚ seeded with sludge obtained from the local sewage treatment plant. Each liter of feed medium was composed of the following : 7 g of glucose‚ 1 g NaHCO3 ‚ 500 mg of NH4Cl ‚ 250 mg KH2PO4 ‚ 250 mg K2HPO4 ‚ 320 mg of MgSO4 • 7H2O ‚ 50 mg of FeCl 3 ‚ NiSO4 32 mg ‚ 50 mg CaCl2‚ Na2BO7 7.2 mg H2O ‚ 14.4 mg (NH4) 6MO7O24 H2O ‚ 23 mg of ZnCl2 ‚ 21 mg CoCl2 H2O ‚ 10 mg CuCl2•2H2O and 30 mg of MnCl2•4H2O . The reaction
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Solubility Curve of Sodium Nitrate Data collection |Temperature (°C) | |Mass of solute in 5ml (g) |Mass of solute in 100ml (g) | |1st set of data |2nd set of data |Average | | | |23.5 |24.0 |23.8 |4.5
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The moles of sodium thiosulphate can be determined using the average titre values and its concentration. When calculating the average titre values‚ the outliers are ignored because they are mainly created by errors and their great difference from the titres achieved in other trials will pose a great impact to the accuracy of the final result. n=v × c Where ‘n’ is the moles of sodium thiosulphate‚ ‘v’ is the average tire values sodium thiosulphate‚ and ‘c’ is its concentration
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Experiment 7 Investigating Stoichiometry with Sodium Salts of Carbonic Acid Introduction: The student will perform the experiment in order to find the percent yield by using the theoretical value found using the balanced equation for sodium carbonate as well as sodium bicarbonate. The objective is to stabilize the substances by titrations and finding the percent yield when all the data is collected. The purpose of this procedure is so that the student will get better understanding of stoichiometry
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Sodium borohydride Reduction of Benzil Introduction: The Purpose of this experiment is for the students to learn how to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols‚ and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product‚ the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH‚ LiAlH4
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