The British enlightenment brought many important enlightened thinkers who changed the world such as Isaac Newton‚ John Locke‚ Thomas Hobbes and Francis Bacon. Many thinkers differed greatly and opposed each other’s ideas such as John Locke who “Diametrically opposed the pessimistic Hobbes” (What is the English
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century was a period of intellectual‚ social‚ and political development. It was not the time of absolute rulers anymore but it is becoming a time of Enlightened Despots‚ monarchs who rules with principles of enlightenment rather than absolute monarchy. Frederick the Great was the first Enlightened Despot of Prussia‚ along with the other rising Enlightened Despot of the time‚ Maria Theresa . Frederick the Great was one of the most influential kings in European history through his role in modernizing the
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of Russian history. During the two hundred and fifty year period Russia witnessed three enlightened rulers‚ Ivan IV‚ Peter I‚ and Catherine II. Yet their enlightened dispositions were merely facades to hide ulterior motives of gaining more absolute power. They primarily sought to increase their power on the Russian throne. During Ivan IV’s rule‚ 1533 to 1584‚ Ivan IV enacted a variety of both enlightened and despotic policies. During the beginning of his reign Ivan IV was kept even-tempered
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AP European History: Unit 4.1 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT Use space below for I. The Scientific Revolution A. Medieval view of the world notes 1. Primarily religious and theological 2. Political theory based on divine right of kings 3. Society largely governed by Church views‚ traditions‚ and practices 4. Superstition played major role in the lives of the people 5. Scientific thought in the early-16th century was still based on Medieval ideas a. Views about the universe
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In contrast‚ Peter I of Russia may have good intentions to modernize his country‚ but his obsession to reform Russia stripped away the Russian culture as he forces the upper classes to dress in European styles and shave their facial hair. The two despots underwent years of brutal wars with their neighboring countries in order to expand their territories. Half a year after Frederick II became
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faith‚ and to increase knowledge using the scientific method. It promoted scientific thought‚ skepticism‚ and intellectual interchange. Enlightenment thinkers opposed superstition and intolerance. Some Enlightenment thinkers collaborated with Enlightened despots‚ absolutist rulers who attempted to forcibly put some of the new ideas about government into practice. The ideas of the Enlightenment continue to exert significant influence on the culture‚ politics‚ and governments of the Western world.
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these absolute monarchs should also be "enlightened"‚ i.e. should rule according to the norms of the "Enlightenment". The emphasis was on reason and government for the good of the people. The ruler should not be a tyrant but should be one who understood his people‚ and governed sensibly. Examples of such "Enlightened Despots" include Frederick the Great of Prussia‚ Joseph II of Austria and Catherine II of Russia‚ although the latter was really "enlightened" in name only. Such wisdom‚ however
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In the nineteenth century‚ Germany was struggling to unify after the failure of the Frankfort Assembly of 1848‚ which was meant to unify Germany. In 1862‚ William I‚ formerly known as Frederick William IV‚ was appointed king of the military state known as Prussia. As a result of disputes from the rising middle class‚ William I choose to hire Otto von Bismarck as chancellor in order to quiet the unrest. Otto von Bismarck was a realpolitik‚ someone whose decisions were based on practicality‚ not morals
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EnlightenmentThe 18th Century Enlightenment: | What is the enlightenment? Well Immanuel Kant responded‚ "Dare to know." Those who advocated enlightenment were convinced that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason‚ science‚ and humanity. Such thinkers were called philosophes in France. These philosophes would gather around in salons‚ which were discussion groups organized by women. The early Enlightenment was deeply rooted in the Scientific Revolution
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In 17th-18th century Europe‚ the age of absolutism‚ absolute monarchs ruled most of Europe in countries such as Prussia‚ France‚ and the Holy Roman Empire. Absolute monarchs are rulers that have complete control over the government and its people. They claimed to rule by “divine right‚” where their authority comes from God and they were above the law. The views of being a proper role as an absolute monarch differed very much between rulers and their subjects. Certain rulers had ideas that both the
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