History of sociology and the father of sociology. Auguste Comte Sociological reasoning predates the foundation of the discipline. Social analysis has origins in the common stock of Western knowledge and philosophy‚ and has been carried out from at least as early as the time of Plato. The origin of the survey can be traced back at least early as the Domesday Book in 1086‚ whilst ancient philosophers such as Confucius wrote on the importance of social roles. There is evidence of early sociology
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second latent. A manifest function is something that you recognize and know/accept the consequences of the action. While a latent function is an action that you don’t recognize or realize the consequences. We have Auguste Comte‚ Emile Durkheim‚ Herbert Spencer and Robert K. Merton to thank for this approach. Auguste Comte can be considered the “father” of sociology because he coined the term in 1838. Comte realized the need to understand society to keep it unified.
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approach looks at both social structure and social functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms‚ customs‚ traditions‚ and institutions. A common analogy‚ popularized by Herbert Spencer‚ presents these parts of society as "organs" that work toward the proper functioning of the "body" as a whole.[3] In the most basic terms‚ it simply emphasizes "the effort to impute‚ as rigorously as possible‚ to each feature‚ custom‚ or practice
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1. SOCIOLOGY is the ordered‚ logical study of human society and its origins‚ development‚ organizations‚ and institutions. It is a social science which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity‚ structures‚ and functions. A goal for many sociologists is to conduct research which may be applied directly to social policy and welfare‚ while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social
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response of your choice. 1. The term “sociology” was coined in 1838 by: a. Karl Marx b. Herbert Spencer c. Adam Smith d. Auguste Comte 2. Benefits of the Sociological Perspective includes all of the following Except: a. Helps us assess the truth of common sense b. Empowers us to be active participants in our society c. In helps to satisfy the man/woman inside d. Helps us live in a diverse world 3. Emile Durkheim’s research showed that society affects even our most personal choices‚ as a
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Stressed to apply Scientific Method to the study of society(s) * (Mental Mentality) Hands on Social Reformist but never personally applied his ideals Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) * Called the second founder of Sociology * Believed societies go from a lower form to a higher form. Societies change from “barbarian” to “civilized” * Spencer came up with the principle “The Survival of the Fittest” * (Mental Mentality) Let society run its course. Against social reform. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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take as we witness and observe social events Two (2) aspects of the sociological perspective (by Peter Berger) a. Sociology enables us to see the general in the particular – This means finding general patterns in particular events. Example: Emile Durkheim’s pioneering study on suicide revealed that there are categories of people who are more likely to commit suicide. The suicide rate was higher for the males‚ Protestants‚ wealthy and the unmarried compared
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The breakdown is called Dysfunction Big Names in Structural Functionalism Auguste Comte Viewed society like a living organism Herbert Spencer The parts of a society work together to form a society Society is like a system a change in one part produces a change in other parts of the system Emile Durkheim added the concept that society has needs that have met if a society is to function well When all parts fulfill their functions society is in a state of balance
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- at this point in time‚ social thinkers successfully separated social issues (sociology) and issues of the state (political science) - other well known social thinkers during this period: Herbert Spencer and Karl Marx Modern Study Sociology - Prominent social thinkers: Emile Durkheim and Max Weber; both of them used empirical research and methods to explain social phenomena - Sociology in the United States: Lester Frank Ward & William Graham Sumner 20th Century Sociology
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personal will. 3) Positive - a search for absolute knowledge. * Herbert Spencer traced the development of human life/organ from its lowest recognizable form up to human beings. He further says that as mind controls entire body and organs‚ same way the society (through its rules)‚ controls all organs /parts. Therefore society /collectivity has power to control . * Émile Durkheim The societal contributions of Emile Durkheim‚ founder of modern sociology‚ include: the idea of the whole being
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