Practical 2.1- The Effect of Temperature on Membranes Objective To investigate the effect of temperature on membrane structure Introduction Beetroot Pigments Beetroots contain Betalains which are the red pigments present in the cell vacuole. Betalains are soluble in water and they contain nitrogen. Betalains extracted from beetroot is commonly used as food dye because it is not known to cause any allergic reactions. Beetroot Picture taken from http://tipdeck/how-to-cook-beet-root Structure
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Practical: The effect of pH on enzyme activity Rationale Amylase is an enzyme involved in the digestion system which catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. It is not only present in human saliva but also in the pancreas‚ where it hydrolyses dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. pH has an effect on the activity of all enzymes‚ including amylase. As the pH level increases‚ the enzyme activity increases
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PROCEDURE: Part A (Effect of temperature on growth) 1) 15 tubes of glucose broth are provided and one set of 3 tubes are inoculated with each of the following cultures; Escherichia coli‚ Pseudomonas fluorescens‚ Micrococcus luteus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The last served as control. 2) One of the three tube of each culture is incubated at each of the following temperature: * 4°C * 37°C * 55°C 3) All the tubes are incubated within 5 minutes after inoculating. The turbidity
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Enzymes are biological catalysts and each individual enzyme can only catalyse to one type of reaction – due to its specific shape. Each individual enzyme has its own specific shape which is determined by the amino acid sequence that it is made up of – each enzyme’s active site matches to its unique substrate molecule. For the sake of our experiment – enzymes catalyse reactions because they become an active site for reactions to take place. This lowers the energy that is needed for the reaction but
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Year 11 IB Biology IA Report 2011 5/31/2011 Enzyme Activity Experiment Introduction 3 AIM 3 Materials 3 Method 4 Result 5 Table 1: 5 Table 2: 5 Graph 1 6 Discussion 6 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Appendix 1 (Test tube 3- 45 degrees) 9 Appendix 2 (Test tube 1- 5 degrees) 9 Appendix 3 (Test tube 2- 20 degrees) 9 Introduction Phenolphthalein is an indicator that is pink in alkaline solutions of about pH10. When the pH drops below pH 8.3 phenolphthalein will
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that the enzyme concentration will affect the rate of reaction but only up until a certain point because there is a limited supply of substrate. Enzymes are protein molecule that acts as biological catalyst by increasing the rate of reactions without changing the overall process. They are long chain amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. Enzymes are seen in all living cells and controlling the metabolic processes in which they converted nutrients into energy and new cells. Enzymes also help
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to evaluate absorbance and the reaction rate of an enzyme‚ ’-amylase in starch-iodine solution. We will be testing the relationship between enzymatic reaction affected by temperature and pH. Through the testing the enzyme at different temperatures‚ and different pH levels; it would determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme worked the most efficiently. Analyzing absorbance of the solutions with spectrophotometery will determine the reaction rate. To test the optimal pH‚ the starch and
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Enzymes are biological catalysts‚ large protein proteins that have a very specific three-dimensional shape which makes them highly specific and only work on one or a few similar chemical reactions. Enzymes themselves are not consumed in the reaction‚ but they help attract substrates into correct position to undergo chemical reaction. Enzymes greatly speed up the rate of biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation. To get a sense of the speed and efficiency of enzymes‚ substrates can
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The effect temperature has on the activity of the enzyme α- amylase. Introduction Enzymes are a biological catalysts‚ which means that they speed up the chemical reactions in living organisms. Almost all of enzymes are energized protein molecules that catalyse and regulate nearly all biochemical reactions that occur within the human body. The reason in which enzymes are sensitive to heat‚ pH and heavy metal ions is because they are made up of proteins. The food we eat is turned into energy by enzymes
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I am choosing to study how the PSI (pounds per square inch) of a football is affected by the temperature. I chose to study this because I like football and I always pondered this question. I believe that this is a worthwhile question to study because these studies can help improve the game as the weather gets colder. As air cools‚ it expands‚ so when a football gets colder‚ the air inside it expands. This expansion causes the air pressure to decrease. The air pressure decreases because the molecules
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