was done by converting maleic acid to fumaric acid. This conversion was accomplished by applying a heat-catalyzed reaction on maleic acid diluted in distilled water and mixing it with HCl using a reflux set-up. A reflex set up is a distillation set up wherein the set up differed because it is inverted vertically. This was done in order to break the pi bond to allow the rotation about the remaining sigma bond since rotation about a pi bond is not possible. After the acid has been refluxed‚ a white
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Introduction In this experiment‚ we will be figuring out how much does 80 degree celsius water reduce in temperature in 15 minutes‚ using different materials to insulate the heat. The five materials that will be tested are: Aluminium foil‚ plastic wrap‚ newspaper‚ felt‚ and bubble wrap. Aluminium foil is a reflective material; this means that it bounces the thermal energy back to the foiled object. It also absorbs the heat. Not only does it stop heat loss‚ but Aluminium foil is also useful for protecting
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I was testing different temperatures and how it affects the time catalase takes for it to break down peroxide. The problem that i was investigating is how does temperature affect the time it takes for catalase to break down peroxide. My independent variable for this lab was the temperature of the solution the enzyme is in. My dependent variable in this experiment was rate of reaction or the amount of time it takes to sink and rise. My hypothesis is that if the temperature is higher than 37℃‚ then
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Acids and Bases Q1.This question is about several Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases. (a) Define the term Brønsted–Lowry acid. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (b) Three equilibria are shown below. For each reaction‚ indicate whether the substance immediately above the box is acting
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the milk by the addition of acid. Adding acid to the milk essentially unravels the proteins which leads them to band together into small clumps (Lawandi‚ Kitchn). These small clumps are the formed curds. The milk that does not clump together is the whey. Acids used in the curdling of milk have to be edible‚ as the goal of milk coagulation is to achieve a product that you can eat. This lowers the amount of possible acids you can use substantially. The most common acids used are vinegar‚ citrus juice
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Title: Diffusion Rate of Methylene Blue on Agar Plates at Different Temperatures Abstract: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration wherein substances are independent‚ rapid and in random motion which frequently collide with each other in the sides of the container. This study aimed to assess the influence of temperature on the diffusion rate of methylene blue on agar plates. To determine the relationship between the two variables
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The Effect of Increasing Temperatures on the Enzyme Catalase Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions inside your body and without enzymes‚ chemicals reactions in cells would be incredibly slow to a point where no activity at all takes place (Brawo press Inc‚ 2017). Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions by lowering the activations energy and they do this by binding substrates together in the correct orientation to react (Ernest Z‚ 2014). They are vital for life and serve a
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The Parthenon Marbles‚ known also as the Elgin Marbles (pronounced /ˈɛlɡən/‚ with a hard “g”)‚ are a collection of classical Greek marble sculptures (mostly by Phidias and his pupils)‚ inscriptions and architectural members that originally were part of the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis of Athens. Thomas Bruce‚ 7th Earl of Elgin‚ the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1799–1803‚ had obtained a controversial permission from the Ottoman authorities to remove pieces from the
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Because emotions play a huge part in stressing and music plays a huge part in our emotions when we listen. So the connection between music and stress is quite obvious. Listening to music can have a tremendously relaxing effect on our minds and bodies‚ especially slow‚ quite classical music. Music has a positive effect on our physiological functions‚ pulse and heart rate‚ blood pressure and stress
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Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler - It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others‚ therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers
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