BIOLOGY LABORATORY Biologically Important Molecules Carbohydrates‚ Proteins‚ Lipids‚ and Nucleic Acids Objectives In this lab you will learn to: 1. Perform tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids 2. Recognize the importance of a control in a biochemical test 3. Use biochemical tests to identify an unknown compound Introduction Organic molecules are those primarily made up of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen. The common organic compounds of living
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Monosaccharide also called SIMPLE SUGAR‚ any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is‚ they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (-OH)‚ and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose). The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). Monosaccharides are
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compounds above in #2 have the same chemical formula but differ in ARRANGEMENT OF THE ATOMS. IDENTICAL MOLECULAR FORMULA BUT DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL FORMULA. 4. Starch and cellulose are examples of SUGARS 5. Sucrose‚ maltose‚ and lactose are of DISACCHARIDES (DOUBLE-SUGARS) 6. Chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules with repeating structural units POLYMERIZATION REACTION 7. Chemical reaction that breaks down covalent bonds between monomers by the addition
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username and password are your FirstnameLastname (no spaces). 3. Find the “Identifying Nutrients” gizmo. 4. Click on launch. Let’s get started. Below are some vocabulary terms you will see in the gizmo. Vocabulary: carbohydrate‚ disaccharide‚ lipid‚ monosaccharide‚ polysaccharide‚ protein‚ starch As you go through this gizmo‚ think about the major nutrients we get from our food and how these nutrients are used by your body. For example‚ you learned in your lesson that carbohydrates
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smallest carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide or simple sugar‚ and is a single monomer. Disaccharides are two monomers joined together and polysaccharides have three or more. Hydrolysis is a process that breaks down chains of polymers into monomers. In this experiment‚ we Benedict’s reagent was used both before and after hydrolysis‚ to identify reducing sugars‚ which includes both monosaccharaides and disaccharides. Benedict’s reagent changes color in the presence of reducing sugars as well as heat
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carbohydrate. The same thing happens again to get the two carbohydrates to come together‚ making one big carbohydrate. The names monosaccharide‚ disaccharide‚ and polysaccharide all refer to how many carbohydrates are in it. Mono‚ which is Latin for one‚ has just one carbohydrate‚ di means two‚ and poly means many‚ so‚ monosaccharides have one carbohydrate‚ disaccharide has to‚ and polysaccharides have many carbohydrates. All of these different carbohydrates have at least one thing in common. They all have
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Title : Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3M HCl in Two Carbohydrates Solutions. Objective : To investigate the action of saliva and 3M hydrochloric acid in two carbohydrate solution. Result : Table 1 : The presence of starch and reducing sugar in the solution Observation Conclusion Solution A Benedict’s test : The transparent blue solution turns into opaque brick-red precipitate Iodine’s test : The clear colourless solution turns into transparent yellowish-brown
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States‚ diseases related to overnutrition (heart disease‚ stroke‚ type 2 diabetes) are more common than nutrient deficiency diseases. True False 7. Vitamins contain 4 kilocalories per gram. True False 8. Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) sucrose B) fructose C) galactose D) glucose 9. Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth? A) lactase B) maltase C) pancreatic amylase D) salivary amylase 10. Which enzyme digests carbohydrates in the stomach
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Identifying Nutrients Vocabulary: carbohydrate‚ disaccharide‚ lipid‚ monosaccharide‚ polysaccharide‚ protein‚ starch Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What are the major types of nutrients you can get from food? Proteins‚ lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ minerals and vitamins 2. How are these nutrients used by your body? Nutrients are used by your body for
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is a readily available source of energy. Fructose * Is chemically similar to glucose but it is found only in fruits & honey. GA lactose * Does not occur naturally in foods‚ but it forms as a result of the digestion of the disaccharide. Disaccharides Are formed through the combination of any 2 monosaccharides. * Glucose +fructosesucrose * Glucose+ GA lactose lactose * Glucose +Glucosemaltose Starch * It acts as a store of energy which can be converted back into
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