2. WINS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 3. WINS NODE ARCHITECTURE 4. WINS MICRO SENSOR 5. WINS MICROSENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUITS 6. ROUTING BETWEEN NODES 7. SHORTEST DISTANCE ALGORITHM 8. WINS DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 9. PSD COMPARSON 10. WINS MICROPOWER EMBEDDED RADIO 11. HISTORY 12. APPLICATION 13. PROS AND CONS 14. CONCLUSION REFERENCES LIST OF FIGURES
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modulated by information signal. When binary ‘1’ is appeared‚ the signal is transmitted and it is stopped when binary ‘0’ is appeared. The binary ‘0’ and ‘1’ are represented the shifting value between the two selected amplitude. 2) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) FSK is a modulation technique that related with the frequency shifting or changes of carrier signal to transmit the digital information. In simple cases of FSK modulation‚ one of the two frequencies transmits the digital data which is one of
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Scheme and Syllabus For M.Tech. Programme In (Information Technology‚ Computer Science & Engineering‚ Information Security) And (Electronics & Communication Engineering‚ Digital Communication‚ Signal Processing‚ RF & Microwave Engineering‚ VLSI Design) Of Regular & Weekend Programme Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector – 16 C‚ Dwarka New Delhi – 110 078‚ India www.ipu.ac.in Scheme of Examination for M.Tech.(Regular & weekend) P rogramme has been approved by BoS of USICT
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Q1. Various digital-to-digital encoding techniques are as follows: a) Signal spectrum – a transmission contains lack of high frequency components which means less bandwidth is required and direct current component is also desirable. With no dc component‚ ‘ac’ coupling via transformer is possible. Finally‚ the magnitude of the effects of signal distortion and interference depend on the spectral properties of the transmitted signal. b) Clocking – to provide a separate clock lead to synchronize the
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World Academy of Science‚ Engineering and Technology 14 2008 An Improved Switching Median filter for Uniformly Distributed Impulse Noise Removal Rajoo Pandey structure. Another approach followed in [8] uses a differencetype noise detector and the noise detection-based adaptive medium filter. The boundary discriminative noise detection (BDND) filtering scheme proposed in [9] detects the impulse noise by employing two different size of filtering windows before the filtering operation. Most of
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References: [1] Cisco Networks‚ "Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI): Mobile Data Traffic Forecast‚ 2012– [Special Reports]‚" Signal Processing Magazine‚ IEEE‚ vol. 29‚ pp. 9-14‚ 2012. Communications‚ 2008. ATC 2008. International Conference on‚ 2008‚ pp. xxii-xxii. transmission‚" iEEE Globecom 2010 proceedings‚ 2010. multicarrier systems with blind channel estimation‚" Communications
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Transform (FFT). Time Issues Due to the rate-change operators in the filter bank‚ the discrete WT is not time-invariant but actually very sensitive to the alignment of the signal in time. To address the time-varying problem of wavelet transforms‚ Mallat and Zhong proposed a new algorithm for wavelet representation of a signal‚ which is invariant to time shifts.[3] According to this algorithm‚ which is called a TI-DWT‚ only the scale parameter is sampled along the dyadic sequence 2^j (j∈Z) and
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The speech‚ being a fundamental way of communication‚ has been embedded in various applications. The central methods for enhancing speech are removal of background noise‚ echo suppression or artificially bringing certain frequencies into speech signal. In this project‚ an attempt has been made towards studying speech enhancement techniques like Spectral Subtraction‚ Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE)‚ Kalman and Wiener filter. Based on our observations and analysis of various performance parameters
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article covers the theory behind a Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It specifically focuses on key digital concepts of oversampling‚ noise shaping‚ and decimation filtering. Introduction Sigma-delta converters offer high resolution‚ high integration‚ and low cost‚ making them a good ADC choice for applications such as process control and monitoring. The analog side of a sigma-delta converter (a 1-bit ADC) is very simple. The digital side‚ performing filtering and decimation‚ makes the sigma-delta
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application of the Digital Signal Processing. Spectral analysis is used in many applications such as to get the target location and its velocity information in the radar applications [9]. In general many practical applications such as Ocean noise‚ Wind speed give a time series data [10]. This data can be analyzed using spectral analysis. Spectrum estimation is a problem that involves estimating the power spectrum of the signal from a finite number of noisy measurements of the signal. The techniques
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