Returns 1 RETURNS Prices and returns Let Pt be the price of an asset at time t. Assuming no dividends the net return is Pt Pt − Pt−1 −1= Rt = Pt−1 Pt−1 The simple gross return is Pt = 1 + Rt Pt−1 Returns 2 Example: If Pt−1 = 2 and Pt = 2.1 then 2.1 Pt 1 + Rt = = = 1.05 and Rt = 0.05 Pt−1 2 Returns 3 The gross return over k periods (t − k to t) is 1 + Rt (k) := Pt−1 Pt−k+1 Pt Pt ··· = Pt−k Pt−1 Pt−2 Pt−k = (1 + Rt ) · · · (1 + Rt−k+1 ) Returns are • scale-free‚ meaning that they do not depend
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I. Introduction 3 II. What is petroleum? 3-4 III. Source Rock: 4-7 a. Formation of Petroleum in the Source Rocks b. Types of source rocks c. Migration of petroleum 4. Reservoir: 7-11 1. Formation of the Reservoir 2. Types of Reservoir 3. Its main properties 4. The relation between
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Inhalation (Breathing in) As you inhale‚ your diaphragm contracts or tightens and moves downward and this lead to increases the space in your chest cavity which causes your lungs to expand. The intercostal muscles that are found between your ribs helps with enlarge the chest cavity as they contract which pulls your rib cage both upward and outward as you inhale. The expandation of your lungs causes the air to be breathed in through your nose or mouth. The air goes down your windpipe and into lungs
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All businesses need money to function sufficiently. Where this money comes from is defined as sources of finance. There are two different types of sources of finance: internal (capital from inside the business) and external (capital from outside the business). New businesses starting up need money to spend in long-term assets such as premises and equipment. They also need cash to pay for materials‚ pay wages‚ and to pay the day-today- bills such as water and electricity. In-experienced entrepreneurs often
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well-ordered market there is a linear relationship between market risk and expected return. (1) RISK AND RETURN OF A SINGLE ASSET: Capital gains/ loss yield Current Yield Rate of Return=[Annual income/Beginning price]+[{Ending price-Beginning price}/ Beginning price] OR Total return = Dividend + Capital gain= Rate of return Dividend yield Capital gain yield R1 DIV1 P1 P DIV1 P P 0 0 1 P P P 0 0 0 (2) PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN: E(R)=∑(i=1 to n)=p(i) *R(i)
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an investor. b. the expected return on a risky asset. c. the expected return on a collection of risky assets. d. the variance of returns for a risky asset. e. the standard deviation of returns for a collection of risky assets. PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS 2. The percentage of a portfolio’s total value invested in a particular asset is called that asset’s: a. portfolio return. b. portfolio weight. c. portfolio risk. d. rate of return. e. investment value.
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confirm this relationship between seismic bright spots and cavesediment fills. A seismic traveltime map of the top Ordovician unconformity illustrates erosional topography and seismic geomorphologic patterns associated with the unconformity with numerous sinuous fluvial channels and canyons‚ fluvial valleys‚ sinkholes‚ and tower karsts and hills. A mature surface drainage system interacted with a near-surface karst system and allowed terrigenous sediments to enter an underground cave system. Karst-related
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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which will compete with Swimmingpool Co. In considering the facts above make some legal observations on the following: 1. Is Swimmingpool Co liable for Martin’s actions? On what basis in law would this be the case? Employers and Employees always have an agreement of mutual consent and it is legally binding on each of the party to strictly adhere with the set rules and regulations. Although‚ Martin must be sound enough to make wise decisions and he was responsible for all his actions and reactions
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Return On investment CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 The ROI Concept 6 Simple ROI for Cash Flow and Investment Analysis 7 Competing Investments: ROI From Cash Flow Streams 7 ROI vs. NPV‚ IRR‚ and Payback Period 10 Other ROI Metrics 11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 6 Table 2 7 Table 3 8 Table 4 8 Table 5 8 Table 6 ………………………………....................... 9 Table 7 ………………………………...................... 10 Return on Investment: What is ROI analysis? Return on Investment (ROI) analysis
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