Describe and Evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment. An attachment refers to ‘a close two-way emotional relationship between two people. In Child Psychology this focus is on the main care-giver most commonly (but not exclusively) our mothers.’ According to Bowlby‚ children develop an attachment to one main caregiver which is qualitatively different than any others e.g. warm and continuous relationship with mother. This attachment has to occur within the sensitive period (6-24 months) or there could
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“Learned helplessness is a term specifying an organism learning to accept and endure unpleasant stimuli‚ and unwilling to avoid them‚ even when it is avoidable” (Seligman). Seligman’s best work was researching the learned helplessness theory of depression. In addition to formulating the five elements to "well-being"; positive emotion‚ engagement‚ relationships‚ meaning and achievements which can be summarized as PERMA. "Each element of well-being must itself have three properties to count as
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Describe and evaluate gender schema theory. (8 marks +16 marks) Martin and Halverson (1981)‚ like Kohlberg‚ believed that gender development involves acquiring information about one’s own gender. However‚ Martin and Halverson argued that children start to learn about gender – appropriate behaviour before gender constancy is achieved. They claimed that basic gender identity (gender labelling) is sufficient for a child to identify him/herself as boy/girl and take an interest in what behaviours are
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Depression is not only a state of being sad‚ it is a disease that conquers the ability to feel emotion‚ whether good or bad‚ whatsoever. Depression not only involves the mind‚ it also involves the body and thoughts. In different cultures some complain of excessive headaches and extreme pain and this is identified as depression‚ moderate or otherwise. This disease can be passed down through genes or can follow external events or can be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Depression affects
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Describe and evaluate the theories of Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic approach as an explanation of human behaviour. In the evaluation summarise and evaluate one other approach as an alternative explanation of human behaviour. This essay aims to describe in detail the theories of Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic approach to the explanation of human behaviour. The writer will evaluate these theories and present them in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. The essay will also include a brief description
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Chapter I RAWLS THEORY OF JUSTICE 1.1) Introduction John Rawls‚ a modern and one of the most influential philosophers‚ who held the James Bryant Conant University Professorship at Harvard University and Fulbright Fellowship at Christ Church‚ Oxford‚ published several books and many articles. He wrote a series of highly influential articles in the 1950s and ’60s that helped refocus on morals and political philosophy on substantive problems. He is widely regarded as one of the most important political
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68: Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity – Ulrich Beck Definition: Risk Society – a society increasingly preoccupied with the future‚ which generates the notion of risk. Globalizing the risks of civilization - The risks of civilization can be described in a formula: poverty is hierarchic‚ smog is democratic. - With the expansion of modernization risks‚ besides problems with endangering nature‚ health and food supply‚ social differences and limits are relativized. - Risk societies are
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John Hall’s Theory: Violence in Aum Shinrikyo Despite whether these actions have justification are no‚ new religious movements all across the globe have been at some point under scrutiny by those outside their realm of beliefs. Aum Shinrikyo is no exception. It was subject to violence when it suffered attempts to destruction and vengeance. In 1995‚ a Tokyo subway was the hit with a nerve gas attack. It was targeted towards devotees of Aum Shinrikyo‚ who were riding it. With many ways to examine
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Scholars have supported classical theory as the best descriptive model of crime. This paper makes a comparison to different theories of crime in comparison with the classical theory of crime with intent to arrive at a position in support or against the stance of these other scholars‚ that classical theory is the best descriptive model of crime. Classical Theory‚ which developed in the mid 18th century‚ was based on utilitarian philosophy. Cesare Beccaria‚ author of On Crimes and Punishments (1763–64)
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Chomsky’s Theory Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any of the human languages. He thinks that certain linguistic structures that children use so accurately‚ must have already stuck in their mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD. LAD encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Then the children only have to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures
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