Nicotine is an alkaloid present in plants of the Family Solanaceae. Most commonly found in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)‚ nicotine serves as a plant secondary chemical to protect plants against insects and other herbivores. Nicotine is an addictive stimulant in mammals‚ and is commonly used in cigarettes‚ cigars‚ pipes‚ and chewing tobacco. Nicotine can be administered to the body in many ways: orally through smoking tobacco‚ inhaling vaporized nicotine‚ or ingesting nicotine substances such as gum
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Investigating the effect of coffee on the heart rate of daphnia Aim: To find out the effect of different caffeine concentrations on heart rate in daphnia Independent variable: • Caffeine concentration Dependent variable: • Daphnia heart rate Controlled variables: • Size of daphnia • Habitat from which the daphnia is obtained • Temperature of the surrounding How the variables can be controlled: • Equally sized daphnia should be used in the experiment • All daphnia should be collected at a same
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health threat than all other drug substances combined. Smokers have much higher rates of heart disease‚ stroke and cancer than nonsmokers. This is why the tobacco industry fought back and tried to prove the contrary‚ it took many years for them to admit the adverse effects on health‚ but have not yet admitted the dependence of nicotine use. There are contradictory views on the nature of nicotine dependence. Nicotine is a reinforcing substance and produces physical and mood-altering effects in your
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The popular name for Daphnia is ‘water fleas’ because they resemble fleas in shape and movement. Unlike fleas‚ which are insects‚ Daphnia are crustaceans classified under the scientific order‚ Cladocera. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the alertness of Daphnia ambigua alertness at different temperatures. It involved the incubation of 30 Daphnia ambigua in three 100ml beakers. Exposing each beaker to a different temperature revealed that temperature of the surrounding environment had
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Nicotine is an addictive drug which basically means that the use of nicotine causes reactions in the brain that makes the person want to use more and more of the drug or substance. Addictive drugs cause withdrawal symptoms that can be unpleasant. Breaking an addiction can be very unpleasant and difficult due to the fact that the person breaking the addiction has to go through withdrawals. Nicotine is historically one of the most difficult addictions to break due to the withdrawal symptoms. When someone
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The Chemical Effects of Nicotine on the Central Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla An Australian Health Survey conducted in 2011-2012 concluded that 3.1 million Australians are current smokers. (Australian Bureau of Statistics‚ 2013). This means that 14% of Australia’s population are current smokers compared to more than 40% in the 1980’s – a dramatic decrease with the smoking rate continuing to decline each year. Now there are many factors that can be considered for this drop such as the
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Smoking and Nicotine Addiction Kimberly Andy Week Three Psy/355 May 13‚ 2013 Dr. Dee Strbiak‚ PsyD.‚ LPC‚ CAC III Smoking is a habit forming and in many instances very hard to stop once started. As the world around grows and increases in knowledge it is becoming more evident that smoking is dangerous not just to the smoker‚ but the people around them as well. There are many reasons that one may start the habit of smoking but are unaware of just how much the body becomes dependent
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Aerobic Exercise on Heart Rate Introduction: Our bodies need to be in balance in order to function properly‚ and there are many ways the body maintains balance‚ or homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment. Our normal heart rate is an example of our body in homeostasis and any sort of change‚ or stimulus‚ can alter it. Exercise‚ adrenaline in the blood‚ and a low blood pH are all stimuli that increase the heart rate. Exercise‚ for example
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To investigate the effect of different caffeine concentration on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia at room temperature. Introduction: Caffeine is found‚ and produced in many plant species to function as a natural pesticide‚ and as an inhibitor of seed germination of other nearby coffee seedlings to give it a better chance of survival. Caffeine is able to paralyze and kill certain insects upon feeding on the plants that produce caffeine. Coffee‚ tea and cocoa are common caffeine-containing
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Effect of Exercise on Heart Rate. Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out how different intensities of exercise effect the heart rate I will measure it in beats per minute using a polar heart rate monitor. Hypothesis: I predict that as I increase the intensity of the exercise I do‚ that my heart rate will increase. This is because as I exercise more intensely I will need more blood to my muscles to supply oxygen and take away carbon dioxide; therefore my heart is going to have to beat
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