Tobacco and the Economy: Farms‚ Jobs‚ and Communities‚ By H.Frederick Public health policies intended to reduce many forms of the bad effect of smoking-related illness which impact on a large number of businesses‚ workers‚ and cluster that related in tobacco industry. Recently‚increases in Federal and state tax‚limitation on smoking in public places‚increases in price arise from legal settlements‚and lower exports have impacted the tobacco industry.But most of affected are beyond the farm gate
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Green Chemistry Institute Atom Economy Page 1 American Chemical Society --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CLEANING UP WITH ATOM ECONOMY By Kathryn E. Parent‚ k_parent@acs.org Introduction Cleaning up the environment and‚ more importantly‚ preventing pollution are important issues in today’s world. The theme for the 2002 National Chemistry Week is “Chemistry Keeps Us Clean.” While the chemical industry is traditionally
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Kazakhstan’s economy. Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world and also it has the largest level of economy in Central Asia. Kazakhstan has huge reserves of mineral resources such as fossil fuel‚ natural gas‚ coal and etc. Mining‚ machinery manufacture‚ the production of petro-chemicals and agriculture are important sectors of the economy. Agriculture supplies grain‚ fruit‚ cotton‚ tobacco and meat. The south of Kazakhstan provides well-known “Aport” apples. As well‚ Kazakhstan is developed
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Scottish Economy Scotland has a mixed economy closely interlinked with the rest of the United Kingdom (UK) and with the European Union more widely. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita‚ which stood at £16‚944 in 2005‚ is the 4th highest of the regions and countries of the UK‚ after London‚ South East England and Eastern England. Its annual economic growth in 2006 was 2.2%. The main factors contributing to the Scottish economy are Energy‚ Whiskey and financial services. The
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“The US government has betrayed the internet. We need to take it back” By: Bruce Schneier The internet has changed drastically for the worst the past couple of years and it is time for a change. The NSA has taken over the privacy of our internet access‚ which is not appropriate. When the internet was invented this is not what the creators thought would happen. The computer engineering community needs to step in and take it back from the NSA. Companies that host our private data that we once trusted
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Retail:-The selling of goods and services directly to consumers in small quantities. Retailing:-The activities involved in selling goods directly to consumers. ORGANISED RETAILERS:- Like department stores‚speciality stores ‚shopping complexes ‚ malls ‚ large scale multiple chains etc. Organized retailing‚ in India‚ refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers‚ that is‚ those who are registered for sales tax‚ income tax‚ etc. These include the publicly traded supermarkets‚ corporate-backed hypermarkets and
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The trade between the United States of America and China have become essential aspects of this trade alliance‚ and these strategic trading partners have shed light to the world’s current economic trends‚ considering that the United States carries the largest economy while China has the second largest. When analyzing this trade and China and the United States relationship‚ there are important factors that need to be considered‚ such as the United States Trade Deficit‚ its consequences‚ relevant history
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Economies of Scale * This is the cost advantage that a business obtains due to expansion. * That is the factor that cause the average cost of producing a product to fall‚ as output of the product rises as explained in the ‘Dictionary of Economics’. * By achieving economies of scale‚ a company would have the cost advantage over its existing and new rivals. * Further‚ the company could achieve lower long run average cost (i.e. productive efficiency). But if technology changes‚ this
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Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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Economies of scale Definition Reduction in long-run average and marginal costs‚ due to increase in size of an operating unit (a factory or plant‚ for example). Economics of scale can be internal to a firm (cost reduction due to technological and management factors) or external (cost reduction due to the effect of technology in an industry). Diseconomies of scale Definition Increase in long-term average cost of production as the scale of operations increases beyond a certain level
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