reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from “authentic models of the New Testament” - Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -“Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church - The 18th century was regarded the “most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection” Chapter 2 - 1789 French Revolution had several socioeconomic influences including the decline of the church
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Literary Criticism What comes to your mind when you hear the word “criticism”? Nowadays‚ most people look at criticism as something negative and personally‚ it has a negative connotation to me. Multimedia (for example‚ television‚ radio‚ etc.) has often depicted criticism as an antagonist. On reality TV shows‚ say‚ a singing competition‚ there is usually a panel of judges who criticize the contestants ’ performances particularly focusing on its fine points and flaws (more on the latter) and the
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NEW CRITICISM Introduction New Criticism The name New criticism came into popular use to describe this approach to understanding literature with the 1941 publication of John Crow Ransom’s The New Criticism. This contains Ransom’s personal analysis of several of his contemporaries among theories and critics. Here he calls for an ontological critic (one who will recognize that poem is a concrete entity) like Leonardo Da Vinci’s “”Mona Lisa”. In New Criticism‚ a poem can be analyzed to discover
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DEFINITION OF POSTCOLONIAL CRITICISM A type of cultural criticism‚ postcolonial criticism usually involves the analysis of literary texts produced in countries and cultures that have come under the control of European colonial powers at some point in their history. Alternatively‚ it can refer to the analysis of texts written about colonized places by writers hailing from the colonizing culture. In Orientalism (1978)‚ Edward Said‚ a pioneer of postcolonial criticism and studies‚ focused on the way
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of Literary Criticisms? * New Criticism / Formalism - This type of criticism concerns itself with the parts of a text and how the parts fit together to make a whole. Because of this‚ it does not bring in any information outside of the text: biography of the author‚ historical or literary allusions‚ mythological patterns‚ or the psychoanalytical traits of the characters (except those traits specifically described in the text.) * Archetypical or Mythic – This type of criticism looks at traditional
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Douglass’s fifth of July. In J. A. Kuypers (Ed.)‚ Rhetorical criticism‚ perspectives in action (pp. 39-59). Lanham‚ MD: Lexington. F. I. Hill wrote the article The “Traditional” Perspective in 1972; later edited in 2009. This article was meant to inform readers about how to apply traditional criticism through the use of the theory of rhetoric. It was divided into two sections; the first being an overview of traditional criticism‚ and the second being the application of this in his critical essay
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the great mind‚ then‚ we may use biographical criticism as to how we may criticize such literary piece. Biographical Criticism not only determines the effect of the writer’s life on his work but also offers to help us understand both writer and his own work. Through understanding the life and influences of the author in writing‚ readers would thoroughly understand the author’s intended meaning to his work. The assumption of the biographical criticism is that the interpretation of the literary piece
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Introdution Twilight Samurai is a movie that revolves around the live of a samurai‚ years before the Meiji Restoration. The main issues that the movie looked at include stereotype of samurais‚ genders and social class differences. Unlike many typical samurai-themed movies which involve fighting‚ woman and pride‚ the director of Twilight Samurai focused on the everyday life and difficulties faced by the main protagonist‚ Iguchi Seibei. His story was told by her daughter‚ Ito who narrated the whole
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The Purpose of Criticism: Literary criticism has at least three primary purposes. (1) To help us resolve a difficulty in the reading. The historical approach‚ for instance‚ might be helpful in addressing a problem in Thomas Otway’s play Venice Preserv’d. Why are the conspirators‚ despite the horrible‚ bloody details of their obviously brutish plan‚ portrayed in a sympathetic light? If we look at the author and his time‚ we see that he was a Tory whose play was performed in the wake of the Popish
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BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM Biographical criticism begins with the simple but central insight that literature is written by actual people and that understanding an author’s life can help readers more thoroughly comprehend the work. Anyone who reads the biography of a writer quickly sees how much an author’s experience shapes—both directly and indirectly—what he or she creates. Reading that biography will also change (and usually deepen) our response to the work. Sometimes even knowing a single important
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