Cash Discount on Sales Cash discount is the discount offered by seller for paying cash early. Cash discount is only offered on credit sales where the customers do not pay at the time of sale but promise to pay latter. There are two methods of accounting for sales that offer cash discounts; the gross method and the net method. These two methods are explained with the help of the following example: Example Suppose Company A sells certain goods at a price of $4‚400 with terms of payment
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The discount rate Main article: Discount rate The rate used to discount future cash flows to their present values is a key variable of this process. A firm’s weighted average cost of capital (after tax) is often used‚ but many people believe that it is appropriate to use higher discount rates to adjust for risk or other factors. A variable discount rate with higher rates applied to cash flows occurring further along the time span might be used to reflect the yield curve premium for long-term
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Case Study: The Acquisition of Conrail Why merge Conrail and CSX? How was the CSX offer structured? How was Conrail’s resistance to an unfriendly bid structured? How would you‚ as a Conrail shareholder‚ react to the offer? What’s Conrail worth? Copyright ©2002 Ian H. Giddy Corporate Financial Restructuring 4 Gains from Conrail Acquisition? Rationale: Firm A should merge with Firm B if [Value of AB > Value of A + Value of B + Cost of transaction] Synergies (what kind?) Gain market power
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CONRAIL CASE Question 1.a) Based on the information provided in the “A” case and especially in the Exhibit 7 the most that CSX should pay for Conrail should be $93.42 per share (calculations are attached hereto as Exhibit 1). I assumed that the correct or required discount rate to be used in the DCF analysis should be the CSX’s cost of equity which is 15.93%. Based in this analysis – which reflects the expected synergies arising from the deal - CSX could still justify an increase in its offer by
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$42 per share. Assume the expected rate of return on Federated’s stock is 18 percent. • Taxes: Federated’s marginal tax rate is Tc = .35 What are the key assumptions underlying your calculation? For what type of project would Federated’s weighted-average cost of capital be the right discount rate? 2. Suppose Federated Junkyards decides to move to a more conservative debt policy. A year later its debt ratio is down to 15 percent (D/V =.15 ). The interest rate has dropped to 8.6 percent. Recalculate
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Whether the debit-balance account “Cash Discounts” in the Statement of Comprehensive Income should be treated the same way as the “Trade Discounts” account. Background and pertinent facts: Trade discount is allowed by the supplier of the goods to the purchaser when he buys from the supplier in bulk quantities. The purchaser is accountable for the invoice price which is the list price less the trade discount. Whereas‚ cash discount (also known as sales discount) is a decrease granted by supplier from
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RISK-ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES and LIABILITY BETA RUSSELL E. BINGHAM T H E H A R T F O R D FINANCIAL SERVICES G R O U P Table of Contents Page 2 3 5 7 8 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 Subject Abstract 1. Summary 2. Total Return Model 3. After-Tax Discounting 4. Derivation of Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate and Liability Beta Figure l : Baseline Risk / Return Line vs Leverage 5. Liability Beta Figure 2: Equity vs Liability Beta Figure 3: Equity Beta vs Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate (After-Tax)
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Conrail G455: Corporate Restructuring Team 7 1) Why does CSX want to buy Conrail? In an industry beset by limited options to consolidate domestic rail traffic‚ CSX looked at Conrail as an avenue to increase market share and gain access to the North East rail network. With air travel‚ road travel and trucking taking an increasing share‚ significant revenue growth became difficult. As Conrail became profitable‚ Congress explored ways of privatizing it‚ giving CSX an opportunity to acquire Conrail
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Perspective: Conrail shareholder. 1. Why does CSX want to buy Conrail? How much should CSX be willing to pay? Some of the reasons why CSX wants to buy Conrail are‚ to increase the consolidation in the Railway industry. Further consolidation typically means lower cost for the consolidators fx because economies of scale and synergies and …. A consolidation also results in lower competition inside the industry‚ which typically follows with higher‚ or at least not lower‚ prices and therefore higher
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the railroad industry‚ which resumed the mergers and acquisitions activity. The following analysis will investigate the economics of the offer for Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) by CSX Corporation (CSX) and Norfolk Southern Corporation (Norfolk). The stand-alone bidders‚ CSX and Norfolk would value the target‚ Conrail‚ based on its fundamentals‚ however if both bidders are present they would enter price wars and legal battles‚ therefore this would inflate the offered price for the target. In
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