Cognitive Theory Paper Cognitive Therapy Ngina Hardy University of North Texas at Dallas COUN 5710- Counseling Theories November 12‚ 2012 Dr. Jennifer Baggerly Cognitive Therapy "The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind." William James (Whitbourne‚ 2011) When we hear the word cognitive‚ several words come to mind such as‚ reasoning
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Social Cognitive Theory Social Cognitive Theory Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory is the framework for learning‚ based on the relationship between behavior‚ personal factors‚ and factors in the environment (Institute for Dynamic Educational Advance). Factors for social cognitive theory are based on a social or physical environment. Social environments encompass friends‚ colleagues‚ and family. Physical environments could run the gamut as vast as a particular food
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understand the cognitive development theory and how it applies to individuals. Cognitive development is basically how the thought process begins. It is the way that people learn and how mental processes become elaborate and develop. These processes include remembering things‚ making decisions‚ and also solving problems. In order for a teacher to be effective‚ one must understand how children develop mentally so that each student can be accommodated in the classroom. There are many theories regarding
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Theories of cognitive development: Assignment one. ‘Compare and contrast the cognitive theories of the theorists – Piaget‚ Vygotsky & Bruner‚ criticising the basis of each theory’ This essay will be comparing and contrasting the cognitive theories and approaches of Piaget‚ Vygotsky and Bruner. The cognitive approach is based on how as individuals process information‚ past experiences‚ memory and perception. A definition of cognition is “how we consider information that we perceive from our
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Leon Festinger created the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know‚ or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger‚ 1957; as cited in Griffin‚ 2009). Thus‚ people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance
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Cognitive Theory of Personality George A. Kelly’s Cognitive Theory of Personality is phenomenological and focuses on the internal frame of reference of an individual. His theory is both cognitive and existential because it studies mental events and it emphasizes the future and individual’s freedom to choose. It is also humanistic because it focuses on creative powers and is optimistic about an individual’s ability to solve problems. Like Freud‚ Kelly started his theory from a blank slate
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According to cognitive dissonance theory‚ there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions (beliefs‚ expectations‚ or opinions of a particular individual). When inconsistency does exist between these beliefs or attitudes‚ psychological tension (dissonance) occurs and must be resolved through some action. This tension most often results when an individual must choose between two incompatible beliefs or actions and is heightened when alternatives are equally attractive
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COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY COGNITIVE LEARNING: Cognitive learning is defined as the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes‚ the procedures we have for manipulating information ’in our heads’. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events‚ and other forms of information processing. But what does it mean? To most people probably very little. Essentially what ’cognition’ means is ’to know’‚ gaining knowledge through thought
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These two theories have created debates between psychologists for many years. Hans j. Eysenck‚ Ph.D.‚ D.Sc.‚ is one of the world ’s most cited psychologists. He is a professor at the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of London‚ where he started the discipline of clinical psychology in Great Britain. He is a pioneer in the use of behavior therapy as well as research in personality theory and measurements. The biological theory has to do with his findings that individual differences in personality
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Importance of Cognitive Development 1. Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget together came up with a theory of child development known as the Cognitive Theory. This theory has to do with the development of a young child’s brain. Specifically it has to do with the development in a child’s ideas‚ beliefs‚ and assumptions ( 47). These beliefs can be altered based on everyday experiences and understandings. As a child grows and develops their cognitive development changes in a child’s schema allows a child
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