Behaviorist Approach by Saul McLeod published 2007‚ updated 2013 Behaviorism (also called the behaviorist approach) was the primary paradigm in psychology between 1920s to 1950 and is based on a number of underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis: * Psychology should be seen as a science. Theories need to be supported by empirical data obtained through careful and controlled observation and measurement of behavior. Watson (1913) stated that “psychology as a behaviorist
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depressed and has secretly been indulging in shopping sprees and drinking in order to cheer herself up. Mary’s feelings and behaviour might be explained by psychologists as in these theoretical approaches. Biological approach Given Mary’s current feeling and behaviour‚
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multi-faceted perspective that embraces a diverse collection of practical approaches: existential‚ constructivist‚ and transpersonal. The existential approach emphasises freedom‚ experiential reflection‚ and responsibility; the constructivist approach focuses on personal and social constructions of psychological growth processes; and transpersonal approach emphasises spiritual and transcendent dimensions of psychological wellness. Despite its multifarious perspective‚ these philosophies within the humanistic
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Behaviourists would disagree with Psychoanalysts and Humanists and believed that behaviour can be objectively and scientifically measured in a nomothetic approach. Clinical techniques such as lab experiments were favoured due to the fact they allowed allowed any extraneous variables to be controlled‚ such as light or heat. Their theories and hypothesis were often tested using mainly animals‚ due to behaviourists assuming they learn the same way as a human would‚ but are often more convenient to study
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Compare and contrast the Psychodynamic and Humanistic approaches to understanding personality. People engage in topics of personality on a daily basis. It is how we engage with others‚ behave towards them and how we assert judgement. Personality theorists attempt to explain these connections through theory‚ observation and testing. Particular influential theories of personality are psychodynamic and humanistic theory. I will seek to analyse the prime divergences that separate these approaches
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in the procedure. Traditional approach: Charles Van Riper has been
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Discuss the Psychodynamic explanations of gender development and refer to at least one case study/ evidence in your answer. The psychodynamic approach assumes that development of gender identity is linked to the relationship between a parent and child. Psychologists believe that parent - child relationship forms a mould in which stays within a child throughout their whole life. The approach focuses on the presence of the unconscious mind. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is linked to the ideas surrounding
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’Meta-analyses have established that different psychotherapies have different outcomes. Cognitive-behavioural therapies are significantly more effective than psychodynamic therapies‚ and their superiority increases when long-term follow-up is assessed. Hypnosis enhances the efficacy of both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy’. (Kirsch‚ 1996) Clinical Hypnosis is natural and safe. Hypnosis is essentially a cognitive (thought) process. It is a natural process which we all have
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include) Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic: This set of approaches derives from Freudian theory. It focuses on the unconscious mechanisms that drive human emotions and behaviors. Childhood experiences and memories figure prominently in these approaches‚ as they are thought to drive each person’s psychological development. Psychoanalytic approaches are the most traditional; utilizing Freud’s initial ideas about the defense mechanisms and structure of personality. Psychodynamic approaches (such as Object-Relations
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Title – Critically compare and contrast two counselling theories Module code- Cg2030 Module tutor – Phill Goss Word count-2500 Counselling takes place when a counsellor sees a client in a private and confidential setting to explore a difficulty a client is having‚ distress they may be experiencing or perhaps their dissatisfaction with life‚ or loss of a sense of direction and purpose. It is always at the request of the client as no one can properly be ’sent’ for counselling.’(Counselling
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