Rosana Abigail Jovel I n this chapter‚ we will explore our knowledge of another system called syntax. It is namely system because syntax is a system of rules and principles that allow us to combine words into large units. We know that words must be organized in a certain order in the sentence (just as affixes and roots occur in certain orders in words). In fact‚ the position of the word in a sentence is often the only way we know its syntactic category (part of speech). For example
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Why is Syntax Important? Syntax is the grammatical tool that deals with how sentences are put together and the relationship between words. It is a very methodical and logical sequence‚ ensuring that sentences are put together using subject‚ verb and object and that the words in the sentence all have agreement‚ so that the correct forms of words are used. Without syntax to structure the language‚ it would simply be a string of words that makes no sense. For example‚ correct syntax would state
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English 123- Introduction to Linguistics Instructor: Mrs. Arlyn Larida Topic: No. 40 The Aquisition of Syntax Student: Jeraijah Rose C. Villarito holophrastic [ˌhɒləˈfræstɪk] adj. 1. (Linguistics) denoting the stage in a child’s acquisition of syntax when most utterances are single words 2. (Linguistics) (of languages) tending to express in one word what would be expressed in several words in other languages; polysynthetic [from holo- + Greek phrastikos expressive‚ from phrazein to express]
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN SYNTAX The concept of ‘sentence’ A sentence is a sequence of words in a particular structural pattern (for example‚ S+V+O+A)‚ and regarded as primary because it comprises a minimum sense of unity and completeness. Sentences are best defined in terms of structure + meaning. I can easily walk that way back. She was feeling affectionate. She did it. *In the rain. Basic concepts in syntax 1. 2. 3. Sentences have parts‚ which may themselves have parts. (constituents)
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4. SYNTAX OF THE PHRASE. (ПОНЯТИЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ) Словосочетание как полиноминативная языковая единица. Соотношение словосочетания и слова‚ словосочетания и предложения. Синтаксис словосочетания как "малый синтаксис" в соотношении с синтаксисом предложения как "большим синтаксисом". Проблема определения словосочетания. Знаменательные‚ формативные и служебные словосочетания. Свободные и устойчивые словосочетания.Эквипотентные и доминационные (подчинительные) связи слов. Последовательная (непосредственно-сочинительная)
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1. The parts of a tree Branch Node Branching‚ non branching Root‚ terminal‚ non-terminal Labels 2. Domination Structural relations - relations that hold between the different parts 2.1 Domination * Node A dominates Node B if and only if A is higher up in the tree than B and if you can trace a line from A to B going only downwards. * A containment relation - see bracketed diagram! Question: What’s proper vs simple domination? 2.2 Exhaustive domination
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1 Set expressions‚ Semi-fixed combinations and Free Phrases Types of Phraseological Units The vocabulary of a language consists not only of words but also word combinations which are differently called. Some of them refer to free word combinations‚ the others are called set expressions and the term phraseological units is often used for them. Set expressions are contrasted to semifixed combinations and free phrases. All these are but different stages of restrictions imposed upon co-occurrence
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Coketown Coketown is a novel written by Charles Dickens in 1854. Coketown is a description of a typical town in the Victorian age after the industrial revolution which occurred during the 18th century. Charles Dickens describes the other side of the coin during the Victorian age by using figure of speech in his description of the town: “Coketown […] was a town of red brick‚ or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but‚ at matters stood it was a town of unnatural
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HARD TIMES ASSIGNMENT DISCUSS: Dickens’ Coketown is not a city‚ rather a stage for the workings out of Gradgrind’s philosophy. Considering the above sentence examine the construction of the city in Hard Times. Coketown is quite literally the ‘town of coke’‚ the raw material used to convert iron to steel and indirectly the foundation of the ‘steel/industrial revolution’. It is critical to analyze the name of the city for Dickens’ Hard Times is a satirical caricature on the condition of England
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similarities between both views‚ including that syntax plays a role in reading‚ that previous knowledge is important‚ and that early reading skills like phonetic awareness are important as well. The differences between the views lies with the focus that each view takes on syntax‚ including the importance of syntax and how syntax is approached with reading instruction. Although the learning view places more importance on words while the acquisition view focuses on syntax‚ there are specific differences and likenesses
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