strong oxidizing agents and these chemical reactions create what is measured in the laboratory as the Chemical oxygen demand (COD). Both the BOD and COD tests are a measure of the relative oxygen-depletion effect of a waste contaminant. Both have been widely adopted as a measure of pollution effect. The BOD test measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable pollutants whereas the COD test measures the oxygen demand of oxidizable pollutants. The so-called 5-day BOD measures the amount of oxygen consumed
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Oxygen in Liquids (DISSOLVED OXYGEN) Dissolved Oxygen – the amount of dissolved oxygen in a body of water as an indication of the degree of the health of water and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem. Oxygen – is a clear‚ colorless‚ odorless‚ and tasteless gas that dissolves in water. Small but important amounts of it are dissolved in water. OXYGEN: Aquatic Life Depends on it Plants and Animals depend on dissolved oxygen for survival. Lack of dissolved oxygen can cause aquatic
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Introduce this section with the food chain discussion card called ‘Under the sea’. Food chains are a flow of energy Food webs exist in a delicate balance. If one animal’s source of food disappears‚ perhaps from a natural cause such as a drought or a killer disease‚ many other animals in the food chain are affected. Some populations may decline‚ and some explode. Humans are usually at the top of the chain and are often responsible for disrupting food webs. All living things depend
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degree of organic pollution of water.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is very similar to BOD. It also is used to measure organic compounds in water and is a useful measure of water quality. This test differs from BOD as chemicals are used to measure oxygen requirements in place of biological organisms. COD values are always larger than BOD values as COD ensures ALL organic material is broken down.5 In short‚ the lower the BOD and COD values of a chemical deicer‚ the less the product will affect the
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Chapter 4 - Methane production 4.1 Microbial consortia and biological aspects of methane fermentation 4.2 Molecular biology of methanogens 4.3 Developments in bioreactor technology References Methane fermentation is a versatile biotechnology capable of converting almost all types of polymeric materials to methane and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions. This is achieved as a result of the consecutive biochemical breakdown of polymers to methane and carbon dioxide in an environment
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Serving and making ice cream at the Ice Cream Café (ICC) on Cape Cod--though definitely very hard work--has been an equally enjoyable treat for me. My time at ICC solidified countless childhood memories while providing insight on human nature and how I aspire to live. ICC serves as a community hub--a place for celebration and memory making--filled with laughter and sticky hands. Tourists from across the globe flock to Cape Cod searching for peace‚ family-time‚ and happiness; which many discover
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of meanings of a word in different dictionaries even those of the same type‚ one will easily see that their number varies considerably. Compare‚ for example‚ the number and choice of meanings in the entries for arrive taken from COD and WCD given below1. As we see‚ COD records only the meanings current at the present moment‚ whereas WCD also lists those that are now obsolete. The number of meanings a word is given and their choice in this or that dictionary depend‚ mainly‚ on two factors: 1)
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Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava PROCEEDINGS 37 th International Conference of Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering Hotel Hutník Tatranské Matliare‚ Slovakia May 24 – 28‚ 2010 Editor: J. Markoš ISBN 978-80-227-3290-1 Kubaská‚ M.‚ Sedláˇcek‚ S.‚ Bodík‚ I.‚ Kissová‚ B.: Food waste as biodegradable substrates for biogas production‚ Editor: Markoš‚ J.‚ In Proceedings of the 37th International
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of greatest pride for me that I have done my project work from United Spirits Limited Rosa‚ Shahjahanpur (UP)‚ a part of world famous UB Group. This work of mine is the result of my concern regarding the biggest challenge facing all over the world i.e. industrial waste like spent wash I want to share my deepest gratitude to Mr. Devender Saxena Manager Personnel Management‚
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landfill bioremediation. The research is directed at understanding the process of aerobic landfill bioremediation so that optimal engineering designs can be developed. In a 340 L tank filled with 70 kg of fresh solid waste‚ parameters like BOD‚ COD‚ pH‚ conductivity‚ anions and heavy metals have been measured for 14 months. The waste is subjected to various combinations of leachate recirculation along with air injection. The bioreactor is instrumented for temperature‚ moisture content and density
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