might they want to cause? What kinds of vulnerabilities might they exploit to cause harm? Tutorial-2 1. What is the difference between a block cipher and a stream cipher? 2. What is the difference between a monoalphabetic cipher and a polyalphabetic cipher? 3. A ciphertext has been generated with an affine cipher. The most frequent letter of the ciphertext is ’B’‚ and the second most frequent letter of the ciphertext is ’U’. Break this code. 4. When the PT-109
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Plain image is converted as Plaintext.The method of disguising plain image in such a way as to hide its substance is called encryption. Encrypting plain image results in unreadable gibberish called cipher image. You use encryption to ensure that information is hidden from anyone for whom it is not cipher image to its original plain image is called decryption. Figure 1.1 illustrates this. Figure 1.1 Encryption and decryption 1.1.1 WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY To enhance the security of the data or image
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a ciphertext that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people.” In order to understand the data or the message that is being sent‚ the receiver must be able to decrypt the message. Decryption thus refers to the process of converting the message from cipher text into its original format or plaintext whereby the reader would be able to understand the message. Encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of a message that is being sent is not compromised as in case of the message being intercepted
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information was normally written in ciphers – secret methods of writing in code so that enemies cannot decrypt the information. The cipher used by Germany during World War II was a very complex polyalphabetic cipher‚ which was a code that alternated between multiple alphabets to write messages‚ making the message appear to be random letter combinations. The alphabets were switched at random throughout the message‚ thus increasing the difficulty of cracking the cipher. The cipher that the Germans primarily
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Introduction RSA Algorithms RSA stands for Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm was invented on 1977 which is mostly used public-key cryptosystem. It was designed by Ron Rivest‚ Adi Shamir‚ and Leonard Adleman (Milanov 2009). This is the 1st crypto system which used two different keys to encrypt and decrypt the messages. In this cryptosystem it uses public key to encrypt and private key to decrypt the messages. Public key can be shared with everyone but the private key has to be with the person who
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private Key [1] . We can classify Symmetric key cryptography into two types on the basis of their operations as: • Stream Ciphers: In this one byte is encrypted at a particular time [2] . • Block Ciphers: It takes a block of plaintext as input‚ and produces a corresponding output block of cipher text [2] . In this paper we have attempted to use two Symmetric Block cipher
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I. What is Cryptography? Do you have a message which is so confidential that you need to send to a certain person but you’re afraid that somebody might read it? Well you better study about CRYPTOGRAPHY. But first what is cryptography? Cryptography is the study of hiding readable messages (plaintext) into a non-readable form (ciphertext). Based on my other source Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties. To make it simple‚ Cryptography
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CRYPTOGRAPHY- ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties (called adversaries). More generally‚ it is about constructing and analyzing protocols that overcome the influence of adversaries and which are related to various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality‚ integrity‚ authentication‚ and non-repudiation. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics‚ computer science
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cryptographic algorithms‚ and they are used to attempt to decrypt data without prior access to a key. They are part of Cryptanalysis‚ which is the art of deciphering encrypted data. Cryptanalysis and Cryptography (the art of creating hidden writing‚ or ciphers) form the science of Cryptology. Cryptographic Attack Methods There are six related cryptographic attack methods‚ including three plaintext-based methods and three ciphertext-based methods: These methods are used as the foundation of cryptographic
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4‚ 5‚ ….). The encrypted binary string is formed by shifting the bit position of each block by a certain values for a certain number of times and from this string cipher text is formed. Combination of values of block length‚ number of blocks and no. of iterations generates the session based key for SBSKCT. For decryption the cipher text is considered as binary string. Using the session key information‚ this binary string is broken down into blocks. The decrypted binary string
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