This experiment was designed in order to extract caffeine from coffee grounds. In order to do this‚ filtration and extraction techniques with solvents such as calcium carbonate‚ magnesium sulfate‚ and dichloromethane were used1. Decaffeination is something that’s used around the world‚ and there is much discussion on the different methods that can be used. In this case‚ using solvents and heat was the preferred method in order to extract the caffeine. Decaffeination is often used to in order to prevent
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Heat energy Temperature – measure of the average KE of the particles in a substance‚ measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Kelvin. Celsius 0⁰C (freezing point of water) to 100⁰C (boiling point of water) Kelvin 0 K (absolute zero‚ particles stop moving theoretically)‚ equivalent to -273.15⁰C. Uses the same scale for increase‚ ie. a 1⁰C increase in temperature equates to a 1K increase in temperature. Heat – amount of energy transferred‚ measured in Joules (J) Kinetic Energy‚ Thermal
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Determining the Specific Heat of an Unknown Metal Objective: To determine the specific heat of an unknown metal through the use of a calorimeter. Background: The specific heat of any substance represents the quantity of heat energy in joules required to heat one gram of the substances by one °C. The specific heat of a substance is dependent upon the temperature; this means that there is a temperature range for which the specific heat of a substance applies. For metals and metallic substances
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Global Warming: Fact or Fabrication Thousands of coastal cities and even whole islands are at risk of being claimed by the ocean due to sea levels worldwide rising at a rate of 0.14 inches per year since the early 1990s (Sea). This increase in sea levels is generated by global warming. Global warming‚ also known as climate change‚ is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans‚ that could have a permanent and devastating effect on the world (Global). It has
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The purpose of this lab is to determine an accurate time when the ice completely melts and the water starts to boil. The problem is which type of temperature change will result from heating ice to liquid‚ then boil (steam)? What will happen to the water after the boil? I hypothesise the water heats ice to liquid and then goes to simmer and boil. The independent variable is the hot plate changed to a burner itself. The dependent variable is what we are measuring is the time. The steps in
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solution add 0.50 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate‚ 1 g of potassium phosphate‚ and 2 g of dried baker’s yeast. Mix the contents thoroughly by shaking the mixture. Set up the apparatus for the fermentation‚ label it‚ and leave it under 30-35 degrees Celsius for 5-7 days. Part II Remove the rubber stopper from the flask without disturbing the solution. Prepare a vacuum filtration assembly. Into a 250-mL beaker‚ place 100 mL of water and one table spoon of Celite. Stir and pour mixture into the Bruchner
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2. Oxygen gas is collected at a pressure of 123 kPa in a container which has a volume of 10.0 L. What temperature must be maintained on 0.500 moles of this gas in order to maintain this pressure? Express the temperature in degrees Celsius. 3. How many moles of chlorine gas would occupy a volume of 35.5 L at a pressure of 100.0 kPa and a temperature of 100. (C? After determining the number of moles‚ calculate the number of grams of chlorine (Cl2) contained in this
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Vapor Pressure and Heat of Vaporization Introduction: Evaporation is the process of a liquid becoming vaporized. When a liquid is placed into a confined space some of the liquids will evaporate. Evaporation of the liquid depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces that are between liquid molecules. During the evaporation process of the liquid‚ new gas molecules exerts pressure in the sealed container‚ while some of the gas condenses back to the liquid state. If the temperature inside
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The purpose of Thermoregulation is to balance the input and output of heat so that (for humans) their core temperature remains constant at a “set point” of approximately 37 degrees celsius (SOC 1 n.d.). It is crucial for the survival of endotherms‚ organisms that maintain an internal temperature independently of their external environment (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2018). The main heat source for endotherms is produced during respiration
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The Effects of Temperature‚ Acetylcholine‚ and Adrenaline on the Heart Rate of Daphnia magna Hieu Duong 6 April 2011 Introduction The heart is a muscular organ that constantly pumps blood throughout the human body. The continuous flow of blood creates a system for vital organs within the body to gain oxygen and nutrients. The timely delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs is very crucial. Brain cells‚ for example‚ will die within minutes if the flow of oxygen is obstructed. For the
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