Name Class Date RNA and Protein Synthesis Information and Heredity Q: How does information flow from DNA to RNA to direct the synthesis of proteins? WHAT I KNOW 13.1 What is RNA? 13.2 How do cells make proteins? 13.3 What happens when a cell’s DNA changes? 13.4 How do cells regulate gene expression? WHAT I LEARNED SAMPLE ANSWER: RNA is a nucleic acid that carries coded genetic information. SAMPLE ANSWER: SAMPLE ANSWER: The bases in DNA—A‚ T‚ G‚ and C—form a four-letter “alphabet” that
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Cell and Heredity Study Guide Chapter 1- Introduction to cells 1. All living things are able to live‚ grow‚ and reproduce 2. Cells are formed parts of an organism and carry out all of its functions in living things 3. CELL THEORY- a. All living things are composed of cells b. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things c. All cells are produced from other cells 4. Microscopes focus light through lenses to produce a magnified image and
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Millions and millions of cells must be formed in order for an organism (whether a plant or animal) to be created. That becomes possible through cell division. Cell division happens when all of the DNA of a cell is replicated completely and then that complete replication (called a genome) is separated‚ breaking apart into two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell (Erster 3-4). There are different kinds of division depending on the type of cell involved (Erster 25). However‚ regardless
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lacked protein‚ and three samples containing proteins‚ and using a spectrophotometer we assessed the amount of light absorbed versus the light transmitted‚ based on the principles of the Beer-Lambert Law. The three proteins used included lysozyme‚ protamine sulfate‚ and bovine serum albumin‚ and the three non-protein samples contained either RNA‚ tyrosine‚ and glycylglycylglycine. Standard curves were created to exhibit the linear relationship between the concentration of solute (protein‚ non-protein)
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Study Guide 3/1/11 1. Describe the three parts of a nucleotide and how they bond to form a nucleotide. The three parts of a necleotide are a carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The carbon sugars bond to the phosphate groups by covalent bonds while the nitrogenous base bonds with it’s compliment by hydrogen bonds. 2. Summarize the role of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA. The role of covalent
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Glycogen is a polymer/polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi and is a primary carbohydrate storage form in animals. Glycogen in humans is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles which functions as the secondary long-term energy. Glycogen is often referred to as animal starch because it is the complement of starch in plants for they have a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen
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the female parent. 2. Highlight the letter of each way to describe a diploid cell. a. 2N b. Contains two sets of homologous chromosomes c. Contains a single set of homologous chromosomes d. A gamete 3. Highlight the letter of the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell where 2n=8 . a. 8 b. 4 c. 2 d. 0 4. Is the following sentence true or false? The diploid cell that enters meiosis becomes 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis.false 5. How does a tetrad form in prophase I of meiosis
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Cellular Energetics Study Guide 1. Overall Metabolism a. Oxidation – a molecule LOSSES hydrogen‚ energy is RELEASED b. Reduction – a molecule GAINS hydrogen‚ energy is GAINED and stored (the more reduced a molecule is‚ the more energy is stored in its COVALENT BONDS) *** Always occur in a coupled pair (RED-OX)*** c. Electron Carriers i. Oxidizing Agents: are REDUCED to OXIDIZE another molecule 1. NAD+ - oxidizes glucose to 2 pyruvate in glycolysis
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Number of Cells in Part 1 Number of Cells in Part 2 Interphase 11 9 Prophase 7 4 Metaphase 5 3 Anaphase 9 7 Telophase 4 3 Cytokinesis 2 2 Create a Graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle. Stage Time Spent in the 1st stage Time spent in the 2nd stage Interphase 21% 25% Metaphase 13% 7% Anaphase 9% 16% Telophase 19% 18% Cytokinesis 20% 23% 18% 11% Hypothesis After researching‚ I predicted that I would see different numbers of cells (which are
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RNA uses uracil instead of the thymine in DNA. DNA replicates itself and RNA is synthesized from RNA on an as-needed basis. Their stability and reaction is also different. DNA is more stable and less reactive than RNA because of the deoxyribose sugar’s C-H bonds. It is stable in alkaline conditions; DNA has smaller grooves‚ which makes it harder for enzymes to “attack.” RNA is more reactive because of the ribose sugar’s C-OH‚ hydroxyl‚ bonds. Unlike DNA‚ it is not stable in alkaline conditions and
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