1.1 Glutamine: muscle metabolism Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9‚10]. In this context‚ glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass‚ but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover‚ nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9‚ 11‚ 12]. The key enzymes in the metabolism
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Muscles attached to scapula: Levator scapulae origin is transverse processes of C1-C4‚ insertion at superior angle of scapula‚ it moves scapula and flexes neck. Pectoralis minor’s origin is ribs 3-5 and insertion at coracoid process of scapula‚ it depresses scapula and elevates ribs. Rhomboids Major and Rhomboids Minor’s origin at spinous processes T1-T4‚ insertion at medial border of scapula‚ they move scapula. Serratus anterior’s origin is at ribs 1-9‚ insertion is at medial border of scapula
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respiratory systems. (P4) Cardiovascular System Cardiac Hypertrophy The heart increases in size and volume; this allows more blood to enter the heart allowing a greater amount of oxygenated blood to be pumped to the working muscles. To withstand the large amount of blood‚ the left ventricle becomes thicker‚ increasing the force of the flow. Increase in Stroke Volume Stroke volume also increases with the increased size of the cardiac muscle. With an increased stroke volume‚ the heart can
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The arterioles in the skeletal muscles dilate‚ which increases blood flow to the muscles and leads to an overall drop in peripheral resistance. At the same time there is vasoconstriction in the vessels supplying blood to the abdominal organs and kidneys. This makes sense: if an individual was running from an attacking lion‚ digestion wouldn’t be a high priority while the muscles involved in escape would be. Another cardiovascular response to exercise is
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Unit 5 P2 Explain what they are‚ their functions and where they are found. Then go into detail about two organs‚ with their functions‚ what tissues they are made of and where they are found in the body. Tissues: Tissues are groups of similar cells that have specific functions. In this piece of work I’ll talk about these types of cells: Epithelial Tissues: Epithelial are the lining of internal and external surfaces and body cavities‚ including tubes/channels (ducts) carrying secretions from glands
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extensibility‚ and elasticity. State why each of these properties is necessary for muscle function. a. Responsiveness- is a property of all living cells- Muscle and nerve cells have developed this property to the highest degree. When stimulated by chemical signals‚ stretch‚ and other stimuli‚ muscle cells respond with electrical changes across the plasma membrane. b. Conductivity- Stimulation of a muscle cell produces more than a local effect- The local electrical change triggers a wave
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supply increases to your muscles‚ the reason for this is to keep them working and making sure that they don’t get tired too easily. Increase in Muscle Pliability During exercise your muscles will also become more pliable because as the muscles contract quickly they will generate heat‚ this then makes the muscles more pliable‚ reducing the risk of injury. Increased Range of Movement The body’s range of movement during exercise increases because you’re using your muscles to stretch out and allow
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shortly after birth through the development of secondary ossification centers. Intramembranous ossification forms membrane bone from fibrous connective tissue membranes‚ and results in the cranial bones and clavicles. ~Movements of Muscle~ 1) Flexion: bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or two body parts. Bending the elbow‚ or clenching a hand into a fist‚ are examples of flexion. When
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Connective tissue generally provides structure and support to the body. There are two types of connective tissue: Loose connective tissue holds structures together. For example‚ loose connective tissue holds the outer layer of skin to the underlying muscle tissue. This tissue is also found in your fat layers‚ lymph nodes‚ and red bone marrow. Fibrous connective tissue also holds body parts together‚ but its structure is a bit more rigid than loose connective tissue. Fibrous connective tissue is found
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Systolic pressure increases gradually from 115 mmHg at rest to 150 mmHg during severe exercise. When thr degree of exercise increases‚ the skeleton muscle needs more energy(ATP) for rapid contraction by carrying out aerobic respiration. The skeleton muscle required faster uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. At the same time‚ skeleton muscle carries our anaerobic respiration to provide addition amount of ATP for rapid contraction. Partially oxidized lactic acid is produced during anaerobic
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