The word melanoma comes from the Greek words‚ melas (black) and -oma (tumour). It is a very serious cancer that most often occurs in the skin and less frequently in the eye or in the lining of the nose‚ mouth‚ or genitals. Melanoma begins in melanocytes‚ cells that make a pigment called melanin. Both light- and dark-skinned people have melanin‚ which gives colour to the skin‚ hair‚ and parts of the eye. The skin is the largest organ in the body‚ so it isn’t surprising that skin cancer is the most
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Published 2 Dec 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3873 OPEN Mutational landscape of gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals new recurrently-mutated genes and molecular subgroups India Project Team of the International Cancer Genome Consortium1 Gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB)‚ an anatomical and clinical subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)‚ is prevalent in regions where tobaccochewing is common. Exome sequencing (n ¼ 50) and recurrence testing
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two main types of esophageal cancer: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma begins in cells lining the esophagus while adenocarcinoma begins in the cells that produce and release mucus and other fluids. The main topic of this paper will be squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. It will cover what squamous cell carcinoma is and the causes‚ symptoms‚ stages‚ diagnostic tests‚ and treatments. Squamous cell carcinoma‚ in general‚ is an uncontrolled growth
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Overview Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a type of breast cancer and is the most common noninvasive form. The name essentially means it is a cancer found in the milk ducts of the breasts and it has not spread to any of the surrounding breast tissue. While DCIS breast cancer is not life threatening on its own‚ it does elevate the risk of the patient experiencing a more dangerous form of invasive breast cancer in the future. The chance of recurrence stands at under 30% and could happen five to
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Brain metastases melanoma patients have a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Clinical studies had shown that the CTLA-4 inhibitor (Ipilimumab) has activity in these patients; however‚ there are currently limited data on the use of anti-PD-1 therapies. We herein discuss a case of a 62-year-old male diagnosed with melanoma‚ and then he was received treatment with dacarbazine followed by high-dose interferon. On subsequent follow up he was found to have a brain lesion and many other lesions.
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SIGNIFICANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-death in the world. In 2012‚ 782‚000 people were diagnosed and 95% mortality rate makes it the sixth most common cancer [1]. HCC in early stages is usually asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur they are usually mistaken for other liver diseases. Therefore‚ early diagnosis of HCC is extremely challenging. Surgical resection and liver transplant are the best treatment options for early stage HCC (BCLC stage 0 or A [2])
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What is Melanoma? The most serious type of skin cancer is known as melanoma. It originates in the skin cells that make melanin‚ which gives skin its pigment and protects the deeper layers of skin from the sun’s damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays. These cells are called melanocytes. The melanocytes produce more melanin and cause the skin to tan when time is spent in the sunlight. The melanocytes may start to grow abnormally and can become cancerous if the skin obtains too much ultraviolet light. This
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Topic Basal Cell Carcinoma Background Basal Cell Carcinoma is a type of cancer that grows on your skin. This type of cancer tends to grow on skin in places that have had a lot of exposure to the sun. Basal Cell Carcinoma is actually one of the least dangerous types of skin cancer. Basal Cell Carcinoma is usually very easy to catch and is easy to treat. “The tumors start off as small shiny bumps‚ usually on your nose or other parts of your face” (WebMD). They can appear on any part of the body but
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Basal Cell Carcinoma is a form of skin cancer that affects the basal cell layer of the skin. Basal Cell Carcinoma‚ or BCC‚ is the most common form of skin cancer‚ and when early detection occurs‚ there is a high rate of achieving a cancer free outcome. This form of cancer progresses slowly after many years of over exposure to sunlight‚ and or radiation. People with light‚ fair skin have been linked to more cases of Basal Cell Carcinoma. It generally starts on the face‚ neck‚ or even on the top of
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Type of cancer. Melanoma is a skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes‚ a type of cell that makes up the skin. Skin is formed by three layers: epidermis‚ dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Melanocytes‚ together with keratinocytes‚ are part of the epidermis and are responsible for producing melanin‚ a pigment that protects against the damaging effects of sunlight. The formation of melanin - melanogenesis is a biochemical process carried out by melanocytes and is affected by several hormones: α-melanocyte-stimulating
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