Borrelia burgdorferi Overview: Lyme disease was first recognized in the United States in 1975 by Dr. Allen Steere‚ following a mysterious outbreak of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis near the community of Lyme‚ Connecticut. The rural location of the Lyme outbreak and the onset of illness during summer and early fall suggested that the transmission of the disease was by an arthropod vector. Adult female Ixodes tick (deer tick) From Brown University In 1982‚ the causative agent
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Lyme disease is a bacterial infection‚ caused by bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi‚ that is transmitted through the bite of a tick. Bacterium borrelia burgdorferi is a spiral shaped bacteria (spirochetes) that causes lyme disease. This bacteria is carried by a variety of different kinds of ticks but the most common carrier is the blacklegged ticks or deer ticks. The tick doesn’t start out by carrying the disease‚ it receives it from another animal like a mouse‚ squirrel‚ or deer‚ and then it is passed
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Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) 1.) Entry: To obtain Borrelia Burgdorferi the human host must be infected by a Lxodoes Scapularius‚ a black-legged tick‚ and these species are only found in the wooded areas around the world. Being in contact with an infected Lxodoes Scapularius increase your chance of getting Borrelia Burgdorferi. 2.) Establishment: Once the infected tick saliva comes in contact with the human host. The Spirochetes are released into the body. Borrelia Burgdorferi are so sneaky
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Specimens that are negative by a sensitive EIA or IFA do not need further testing. 5: What are the characteristics of this pathogen.(Morphology‚biochemistry‚and pathogenicity).How do the possible pathogens in the case study differ? Ans: Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete. Spirochetes are a group of phylogenetically-distinct bacteria that have a unique mode of motility by means of axial filaments. (endoflagella).Spirochetes are widespread in viscous environment‚ they also have a unique cell surface
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Research paper Lyme disease is a tick-borne systemic infection cause by a spiral organism‚ Borrelia burgdorferi‚ characterized by neurologic‚ joint‚ and cardiac manifestations. Lyme disease is carried by a tiny tick. It begins with a bite and a rash that can be so slight‚ you may not even notice. However the consequences can be serious‚ sometimes even fatal. Lyme disease can create symptoms that mimic a wide variety of other diseases‚ ranging from juvenile arthritis to multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer’s
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Lyme Disease-Final Draft When you go out to the park‚ or even your backyard‚ you are exposed to ticks. Ticks are small arachnids‚ which are joint-legged invertebrate animals. They live off of the blood of mammals‚ birds‚ and reptiles. Furthermore‚ you may or may not know that Lyme disease is most frequently detected in rodent-feeding vector ticks (“Ticks”). There was a tremendous outbreak of Lyme in 1975- in its hometown of Lyme‚ Connecticut-when it was classified as a new disease (“Lyme disease
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is a tick-borne disease that passes to the tick’s host once it has latched on and started feeding. The disease goes into the host’s blood and implants a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. This type of bacterium is from the spirochete family. Stricker (2008) “Chronic infections with the Lyme spirochete‚ Borrelia burgdorferi‚ is rare and non-existent‚ and the concept of chronic Lyme disease rest on ‘faith-based’ opinion rather than ‘evidence-based’ science” (Chronic Lyme Disease and the “Axis
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Lyme disease Lyme disease is a relatively new‚ being first reported in 1975‚ in Old Lyme ‚ Connecticut. It is caused by the bacterium Borrelia Burgdoferi‚ which can be carried by rats and dears. The transmitters of the disease are the black-legged ticks that bite these animals‚ get infected and afterwards bite people. According to www.ehealthmd.com‚ “the average deer carries 200 or more ticks at one time”. Approximately half of these ticks are infected with the Lyme disease bacteria. The risk of
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F.tularensis‚ the causative agent of tularemia‚ is a small‚ aerobic nonmotile‚ gram-negative cocco-bacillus. Tularemia also known as rabbit fever and deer fly fever is a zoonotic disease that humans typically acquire after skin or mucous membrane contact with tissues or body fluids of infected animals‚ or from bites of infected ticks (Pal‚2007). Tularemia was recognized in Japan in the early 1800’s and in Russia in 1926. Tularemia as a biological weapon is the difficulty in culturing and growing
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Investigation 1. Background 1.1. Biology and Life Cycle of Equine Parasitic Roundworms (Nematodes) All grazing horses are infected with nematodes according the American Association of Equine Practitioners (2013). However‚ the impact on the health of the horse depends on the level of infection. Understanding how these parasites interact with the environment and host is crucial to finding ways on how to control them. Nematodes form three life-cycle stages: eggs‚ larvae (which undergo four metamorphoses)
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