the same time period? To other periods? To works from other countries at this time? 5. What culture existed for this writer? 6. Is the work part of a historical trend (novel‚ Christian literature‚ allegory‚ political fiction‚ epic‚ etc.)? B. Biographical 1. Does this work reflect the writer’s concerns and conflicts? Examine elements within the work reflective of the writer’s life (word‚ allusions to local and historical events‚ conflicts‚ themes‚ characters‚ settings‚ etc.). 2. Does this work
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New Criticism [pic]New Criticism is a name applied to a varied and extremely energetic effort among Anglo-American writers to focus critical attention on literature itself. Like Russian Formalism‚ following Boris Eikhenbaum and Victor Shklovskii‚ the New Critics developed speculative positions and techniques of reading that provide a vital complement to the literary and artistic emergence of modernism. Like many other movements in modern criticism‚ New Criticism was in part a reaction against the
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Franz Kafka’s Life As Shown In “The Metamorphosis” Kafka’s father was abusive and had a violent temper‚ much like Mr. Samsa in Kafka’s own “The Metamorphosis.” In his own letter to his father‚ Kafka writes “Your extremely effective rhetorical methods in bringing me up‚ which never failed to work with me‚ were: abuse‚ threats‚ irony‚ spiteful laughter‚ and—oddly enough—self-pity” (Kafka). This new insight shows how “The Metamorphosis” is a reflection of Kafka’s own painful relationship with his
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Sociological criticism examines literature in the political‚ economic and cultural context in which it can be either written or received. It looks at the sociological status of the author to evaluate how the profession of the writer in a milieu affected what was written. It analyzes the social content of literary works culturally‚ economically and politically. Sociological criticism also examines the role the audience has in shaping literature. A view of Shakespeare might look at the economic position
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Pragmatic Literary Criticism Pragmatic criticism is concerned‚ first and foremost‚ with the ethical impact any literary text has upon an audience. Regardless of art ’s other merits or failings‚ the primary responsibility or function of art is social in nature. Assessing‚ fulfilling‚ and shaping the needs‚ wants‚ and desires of an audience should be the first task of an artist. Art does not exist in isolation; it is a potent tool for individual as well as communal change. Though pragmatic
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Film Criticism Lee R. Bobker affirms that there are six rudiments that film criticism should involve to be effectual: 1. Theme of film 2. Quality of technical execution 3. Quality and nature of ideas in the film 4. Validity of ideas in the film 5. Individual contributions 6. Relationship of the film to other works by the same filmmaker Each of these essentials must be satisfied or the film criticism will lack its effectiveness. A true critic realizes the importance that they hold
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DEFINITION OF POSTCOLONIAL CRITICISM A type of cultural criticism‚ postcolonial criticism usually involves the analysis of literary texts produced in countries and cultures that have come under the control of European colonial powers at some point in their history. Alternatively‚ it can refer to the analysis of texts written about colonized places by writers hailing from the colonizing culture. In Orientalism (1978)‚ Edward Said‚ a pioneer of postcolonial criticism and studies‚ focused on the way
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1. (c.) Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic Criticism was first mooted by the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. It deals with the mind of the author at the time of writing hence the “psycho” aspect of it. The text is seen as a dream and the readers unravel the mysteries of the dram as they read and endeavor to gain understanding of the text. In this theory‚ the author’s mind‚ the impact of the text on the reader and the third character are of paramount importance. This theory came from psychology
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10 Literary Criticism approach An Overview of Approaches The Three-fold Purpose of Criticism: To help us solve a problem in the reading. To help us sift between and resolve conflicting readings. To enable us craft interpretative‚ yet scholarly judgments about literature. 1. Historical / Biographical Approach: Historical / Biographical critics see works as the reflection of an author’s life and times (or of the characters’ life and times). H/B approach deems it necessary to know about the
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Literary Criticism Quiz 1. Explain the ego‚ id‚ and superego. 2. What does formalism analyze? 3. What does the philosophical approach evaluate? 4. What are the three stages of the quest as defined by the archetypal approach? Make sure you explain them: 5. What is the Oedipal Complex? 6. What constitutes the “tragic hero?” 7. What is the intentional fallacy? 8. On what basis do philosophical critics judge a work? 9. What
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