THE MANAGEMENT OF OVERHEAD COSTS IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES Brian Eksteen1 and David Rosenberg² ¹Professor of Construction Management‚ Faculty of Economic and Building Sciences‚ University of Port Elizabeth‚ P.O. Box 1600‚ Port Elizabeth‚ 6000‚ South Africa ²Senior Lecturer in Cost and Management Accounting‚ Faculty of Economic and Building Sciences‚ University of Port Elizabeth‚ P.O. Box 1600‚ Port Elizabeth‚ 6000‚ South Africa Costs not directly attributable to or recoverable from production
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manufacturing expenses) that will help senior management and the board understand the economics of cartridge production in 2001. 5. Work through the Youngstown Products numerical example (below). Youngstown Products‚ a supplier to the automotive industry‚ had seen its operating margins shrink below 20% as its OEM customers put continued pressure on pricing. Youngstown produced four products in its plant and decided to eliminate products that no longer contributed positive margins. Details on the
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Organizational Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ you should be able to: 1. Describe three types of coordination in organizational structures. 2. Justify the optimal span of control in a given situation. 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralization and formalization. 4. Distinguish organic from mechanistic organizational structures. 5. Identify and evaluate the six pure types of departmentalization. 6. Describe three variations of divisional structure and explain
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understanding about cost accounting. This paper will discuss: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm; what are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used; how does an operating budget work to discipline a firm’s management; what are the elements of a budget; how are budgets constructed; what is variance analysis and how it is used. Cost accounting can be described as the process of accumulating‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting and reporting cost information
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Executive Summary Kingfisher is an Indian beer brewed by United Breweries Group‚ Bangalore. The brand was launched in 1978. With a market share of over 36%‚ it is India’s largest selling beer‚ with 1 out of every 3 bottles of beer sold in India being a Kingfisher brand. It is currently available in 52 countries outside India. With the change in the lifestyle of the people‚ the beer market is increasing in India. The Indian beer industry has been witnessing steady growth of 7-9% per year over the
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OrganizationalOrganizational structure is needed in organizations to arrange employees and their jobs in a certain category to help meet business goals and needs. Procedures are established that assign responsibilities for various functions. These decisions help determine organizational structure (Madapusi‚ 2008). Organizational structure allows greater effectiveness in organizations. Different types of organizations such as Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids‚ Atlanta Memorial Hospital‚ Doyenne Constructors
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1. Characteristics of the four market structures. [monopoly‚ oligopoly‚ monopolistic competition‚ & perfect competition] 2. Know the four types of monopolies. [Government‚ Natural‚ Technology‚ and Geographic] Market Structure Vocabulary I. Perfect Competition – has a very large number of sellers (hundreds or thousands) of the same product (any agriculture or fishery product). They are all
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compromising standards of labor performance. (T) 4. Increases in sales volume tend to improve labor productivity. (T) * As his efficiency increase‚ the cost of labor per unit produced actually decrease. * Increase in sales volume results in greater employee efficiency at lower labor cost per unit 5. The key to successful labor cost control is paying the lowest possible dollar wage.(F) May use of part-time staff‚ outsourcing 6. The local minimum wage is an amount set by a group of
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1888‚ De Beers followed a strategy of supply control. In addition to mining its own diamonds‚ it bought diamonds from other producers and had what it called the "central selling organization‚" controlling some 90% of the world’s diamonds. Its tight control over such a vast amount of supply enabled De Beers to keep prices high for a commodity that is neither particularly scarce nor useful. If a competitor offered diamonds on the market outside of De Beers’ central selling organization‚ De Beers would
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Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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