Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=214633 MLR R EVISED G ALLEYS1.DOC 05/03/00 12:36 PM THE ROLE OF LETTERS OF CREDIT IN PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS Ronald J. Mann* TABLE OF C ONTENTS I. THE BASIC L ETTER - OF-C REDIT TRANSACTION .....................................................0000 II. DISCREPANCIES IN LETTER - OF-C REDIT TRANSACTIONS.........................................0000 A. The Nature of the Discrepancies.......................
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EMBA 8500 #1 Book value of debt Book value of equity Market value of debt Market value of equity Pretax cost of debt After Tax cost of debt rd Market value weights of: Wd Debt We Equity bL Levered beta Rf Risk-free Rate Market Premium RM Ke Cost of equity WACC EBIT - Taxes (34%) EBIAT + Depreciation - Capital expense Change in Net Working Capital Free Cash Flow Value of Assets ( FCF/WACC) CASE # 31 0% Debt 100% Equity $ $ 20‚000 $ $ 20‚000 7.0% 4.62%
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Question 1 How much business risk does AHP face? How much financial risk would AHP face at each of the proposed levels of debt shown in case Exhibit 3? Answer these questions by computing and evaluating the asset beta and the equity beta. To start with‚ we have to state the difference between business risk and financial risk. Business risk represents the risk of the firm’s assets when no debt is used. It is then the risk that is inherent to the firm’s operations. This risk is represented by
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Executive Summary A key factor in determining a project’s viability is its cost of capital [WACC]. The estimation of Boeing’s WACC must be consistent with the overall valuation approach and the definition of cash flows to be discounted. Note that this process is a forward looking focus and is laden with uncertainty. It is how the assumptions are modeled that many costly mistakes can be made. While finding a rate of return for an individual project‚ it is important to remember that WACC
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2. Do you think the CAPM model is an appropriate way to calculate the cost of equity for these projects? Why or why not? Yes‚ the CAPM model is an appropriate way to calculate the cost of equity for these projects because they are short-term and it takes into account the riskiness of each project. 5. Which of the projects are unacceptable and why? Projects A and B are unacceptable because they both have negative Net Present Values. 7. Which project do you recommend and why? Explain why each
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Present Value of Unlevered Cash Flows 2008 – 2012: $1.272 B Excludes terminal value ACC Calculating Terminal Value • Common Assumption: Future cash flows look like the last FCF‚ times a growth factor • Using Weighted-Average Cost of Capital (WACC) we discount all perpetual future cash flows • Terminal Value of Perpetual Future Cash Flows: $6.322 B ACC
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SUMS 1. A finance company advertises that it will pay a lumpsum of Rs 8000 at the end of 6 yrs to investors who deposit annually Rs 1000 for 6 yrs. What is the rate implicit in this offer? 2. You want to take a trip to the moon which costs Rs 10‚00‚000-the cost is expected to remain unchanged in nominal terms. You can save annually Rs 50000 to fulfil this desire. How long will you have to wait if your savings earn an interest of 12 percent p.a.? 3. Suppose a firm borrows Rs 10‚00‚000 at an interest
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using debt in the capital structure. Consider an example: A firm is considering a project that will last 5 years. It will generate cashflows of $9 million annually. The initial investment required in the project is $28 million. Assume that the cost of equity for the project is 20% if the project is 100% equity financed.1 For the project‚ the firm will be able to obtain some short term debt
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exploring the social phenomena‚ a researcher must select the research paradigm properly. As it is explained on encyclopedia of qualitative research (2008‚ p.591)‚ a paradigm is a set of assumptions and perceptual orientations of the research. It is the basic belief that guides the researchers represent the range of phenomena in relationships to the world and its part (Denzin & Lincoln‚ 1994). It determines how researchers view the phenomena of
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Cost Concepts Semester II Basic Terms • Cost is the amount of expenditure‚ actual (incurred) or notional (attributable)‚ relating to a specific thing or activity. The specific thing or activity may be a product‚ job‚ service‚ process or any other activity • Expenses are expired costs‚ incurred and totally used up in generation of revenue • Loss is lost cost. The term ‘loss’ is used to describe mainly two accounting events. In traditional financial accounting it is used to denote a situation
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