Report on the effects of shale gas extraction by means of hydraulic fracturing in the Republic of Ireland. 2nd edition Edited by Brigit Beemster and Ron Beemster BSc MSc‚ for the Fracking Research and Information Centre‚ Sligo 15 December 2011 Table of Contents: Section 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6 7 8 9 10 Page Summary The authors Introduction Licences in Ireland Introduction to shale gas extraction by means of hydraulic fracturing
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the town of Blackpool‚ UK and this was followed on the 27th May 2011 by a second seismic occurrence of measuring 1.5 on Richter scale. These two events occurred close to Preese Hall drilling site‚ where Caudrilla Resources was extracting gas from a shale deposit using a new method called Hydraulic Fracturing‚ often referred to as Fracking. Immediately after the seismic events attention was focused on Caudrilla Resources and this new unconventional process that extracts natural gas by fracturing the
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Hydraulic fracturing is a water-intensive industrial process that drillers use to collect the natural gas held in shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important energy resource in the U.S. Fracking fluid contains water‚ salt‚ sand‚ and hazardous industrial chemicals. This fluid is injected at high pressure underground into geologic formations. The salty water‚ sand‚ and chemical mixture forces natural gas up through the well bore to the surface for collection through pipelines.
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such as Ohio‚ New York‚ Pennsylvania and West Virginia with more being targeted for the future. In Europe‚ World Shale Gas Resources are starting to duplicate what was done with hydraulic fracturing in the states. However‚ it is said that it may not work in different countries only because the rock formations are different depending on the region. Even in the states each of the gas shale basins are different and have a unique set of exploration criteria and challenges. Despite
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Question Can the natural gas deposits in the Marcellus Formation‚ extracted through fracking‚ be the solution to the United States’ energy problem? Purpose The purpose of this analysis is to examine the process of extracting natural gas in shale deposits—Horizontal High Volume Slickwater Hydraulic Fracturing‚ or “Fracking”—and determine the long-term viability of this process. Information • The Marcellus Formation is a region of marine sedimentary rock that stretches through Pennsylvania
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Unlocking Britain’s Shale Gas Potential Key Deliverables Identification of three shale gas delivery options Options appraisal and SWOT analysis Project strategy and rationale UK Energy Mix 2013 11% 2% UK Energy Mix 2013 38% 21% 28 % Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Other Potential benefits of UK shale gas development • Potential jobs created in the UK – 74‚000 • £1.1bn over a 25 year period for local communities • Lower wholesale energy costs that could total £17 billion between 2014
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" basic human need to as who we are‚ where did we come from‚ how did we get here‚ why do we look the way we do?" The video started off by asking questions and stating facts about evolution saying that humans had just arrived on earth. Neil Shubin from Chicago University compared 4 billion years to an hour. He said the first 50 minutes was spent on microbes and single celled organisms‚ then animal life appeared in the last 10 minutes‚ and finally‚ human civilization‚ the last tenth of a second in
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water‚ cold‚ no sunlight‚ low oxygen. The earth is just emerging from snowball earth. Live is evolving. 12. What is the snowball earth hypothesis? 13. What phylum is best represented in the Burgess Shale Fauna? Arthropods looks like horseshoe crabs. 14. What predators were in the Burgess Shale Fauna? Opadina‚ and Anomalocaris Why are predators an important factor for increasing species diversity? (Red Queen Hypothesis) idea that life evolves it adapts to its environment. prey animals evolved
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setback in the quest for the end results. Throughout the movie‚ it shows how families are affected‚ and just how spread out these families are throughout the country‚ which goes to show the extent to which the country is affected. The Marcellus Shale is a huge natural gas reserve that has parts in 34 different states and covers a large percentage of the country. Hydraulic fracturing is a process used to get the most out of the reserves‚ otherwise known as fracking. When fracking‚ the oil companies
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until the oil and gas-bearing reservoir is reached (generally 6‚000 to 10‚000 ft). (FracFocus‚ 2012) A Duke University study published in 2011 examined methane in groundwater in Pennsylvania and New York states overlying the Marcellus Shale and the Utica Shale. It determined that groundwater tended to contain much higher concentrations of methane near fracking wells‚ with potential explosion hazard. They also found that the type of gas detected in the water was the same type of gas that was being
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