represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels‚ which produce polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO)‚ hydro carbon (HC) during combustion. In this paper contemporary research on the hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine can be given. First hydrogen-engine fundamentals were described by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and then existing literature were surveyed. Keywords: Internal combustion engine‚ hydrogen‚ emissions‚ alternative fuel * Corresponding
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Marginal Costs and Benefits Marginal analysis is a technique used in microeconomics by which very small changes in specific variables are studied in terms of the effect on related variables and the system as a whole. Marginal costs and benefits are a vital part of economics because they help to provide the relevant measurement of costs and benefits at a specific level of production and consumption (McCain‚ 2008). This is the reason why I’ve chosen this topic for my paper. We use economics
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encyclopedia An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and lead to higher costs for consumers. [1] With few sellers‚ each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm therefore influence and are influenced by the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to take into account the likely
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Short Paper - Air Pollution The U.S news reveals the fatal air pollution measurements and effects China is encountering‚ but the news in China news themselves never shown the numbers beyond index 500. As the industry rapidly grows in North China‚ the most polluted region is often the target of the discussion about air pollution issues. However‚ China’s state based news sources constantly reported on the positive side‚ especially on how they fight over the improvement of their air quality‚ while
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utNowadays pollution is becoming more and more serious problem‚ particularly air pollution. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution‚ the chemical elements of the atmosphere have changed. Along with the development of industrialization‚ air pollution has spread and now it is a global issue. There are many kinds of air pollution‚ one of them is smog. Smog can come from many areas‚ particularly factories and transportation systems‚ but there are some differences between developed and developing
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How can science be applied to reduce air pollution? Air pollution is the addition of any harmful substances (dust particles‚ fumes or odour) to the atmosphere‚ which causes the damaging of the environment‚ humans‚ animals and plant. Air pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural events that pollute the air include wind erosion‚ volcanic eruptions‚ forest fires‚ and natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural occurrences are not very often. Human activities that result
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of resources‚ de-merit goods (goods and services whose consumption is considered unhealthy‚ degrading or otherwise socially undesirable) have been overproduced and priced inappropriately not accounting for external costs to the third party. In this case the external cost is air pollution in Beijing‚ which has caused damage to the environment and health. The main source of this negative externality came from over production of multiple products and car emissions‚ which has in turn made Beijing one of
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Introduction to Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere‚ emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution characteristics Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion‚ concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. The type of technology
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Air Pollution in China and Japan 1. Introduction: Air pollution is a major environmental issue harming people around the world. Millions of individuals die every year from air pollution. Unfortunately‚ this issue is increasing in the continent of Asia. Pollution has been challenging to control due to its harsh climate‚ rapid industrialization and overwhelming population in these Asian countries. Air pollution been a threat to the world for centuries and continues to plague the environment while
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The environmental pollution problem has become a nightmare for the world population during the current century. The problem has transformed into a real crisis and the very survival of living species is at stake at certain places. Most of the crisis is self-created and self-escalated. The more mankind has fascinated towards convenience‚ the more it has created side-problems for itself. All the amenities of a modern and so-called convenient lifestyle have brought along numerous side effects that have
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