GENETICS JARGON Alleles (allelomorphs) Alternative forms of a particular gene. There can be several alleles of a particular gene in the population‚ but only 2 alleles can be inherited by a single individual. For simplicity much literature aimed at the general reader uses "gene" where it means "allele". Allelic Series A series of alleles that are all mutant forms of the same gene and are at the same locus (same position on the chromsome). Alternate Heredity Mendelian inheritance involving
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FLASHCARD DATA FOR BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS Topic 1: Mendel’s Genetics | 1. |Offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents--the opposite of purebred. |hybrid | | 2. |The study of gene structure and action and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring. This is the branch |genetics | | |of science that deals with the inheritance of biological characteristics.
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chromosome linked dominant or recessive‚ Y- chromosome linked or not. Explanation 1. Autosome Linked Dominant traits: These are the traits whose encoding gene is present on any one of the autosomes‚ and the wildtype allele is recessive to its mutant allele‚ i.e.‚ the mutant allele is dominant. The pedigree-chart can be of the undernoted pattern (Fig. 11.2)‚ where the female being interviewed is exhibiting the trait‚ and is indicated by an arrow-mark in the chart. The characteristic features
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1. Alleles are different versions of the same gene and one may be dominant to the other. –TRUE 2. In a dihybrid cross of a mother and father who are both heterozygous dominant for chin fissures and dimples‚ what would be the phenotypic ratio of chin fissures and dimples in their offspring? –-9:3:3:1 3. If two alleles are heterozygous‚ it means they are the same allele. --FALSE 4. If the letter ""C"" stands for the dominant allele for having a chin fissue and the letter ""c"" stands for the recessive
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each pair of homologous chromosomes. The alleles may be identical or different. (2)____Homozygous__________- when both alleles in a homologous chromosome pair have the same expression. Example: both alleles code for straight hairline at forehead. (3)______Heterozygous__________- when the alleles differ in their expression. Example: one allele codes for straight hairline and the other for widow’s peak. (4)______Dominant_________- in a heterozygous pair of alleles‚ it is the one that exerts its effects
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Dihybrid Cross Worksheet 1. Set up a punnett square using the following information: • • • • • Dominate allele for tall plants = D Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d Dominate allele for purple flowers = W Recessive allele for white flowers = w Cross a homozygous dominate parent (DDWW) with a homozygous recessive parent (ddww) 2. Using the punnett square in question #1: a. What is the probability of producing tall plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)? b. What is the probability of
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generation • Leading to the law of segregation o Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variations in inherited characteristics. o For each character‚ an organism inherits 2 alleles‚ one from each parent. o If the two alleles differ‚ then one‚ the dominant allele‚ is fully expressed in the organism’s appearance‚ the other‚ the recessive allele‚ has no noticeable affect on the organism’s appearance. o The alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete production (meiosis)
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plants were homozygous and both parent pea plants had two identical alleles. The plants in F1 generation were all heterozygous with two different alleles‚ one from each parent. This part can be understood more clearly by looking at the genotypes instead of only the phenotype. Mendel also discovered that one trait is dominant over the other trait. However‚ the dominant allele does not alter the recessive allele in any way and both alleles can be passed on to the next generation unchanged. These experiments
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Q1.Some genetic disorders are caused by alleles inherited from the parents. (a) What are alleles? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (b) Describe how embryos can be screened for the alleles that cause genetic disorders. ..........................................................
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Mendelian inheritance Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism or Monogenetic inheritance) is a scientific theory of how hereditary characteristics are passed from parent organisms to their offspring; it underlies much of genetics. This theoretical framework was initially derived from the work of Gregor Johann Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was re-discovered in 1900; it was initially very controversial. When Mendel’s theories were integrated with the chromosome theory of
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