Introduction Paper chromatography is a method using a chromatography paper to identify the many mixtures of one simple color. The word chromatography comes from the Greek words‚ "chroma‚" meaning color‚ and "grafein‚" meaning to write. The process of this experiment is to place a colored dot‚ such as marker ink‚ onto the chromatography paper‚ one centimeter away from the triangular tip. Next dip your chromatography paper into the solvent‚ not allowing it to touch the colored dot. Let it sit for
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Bromination of Trans-Cinnamic Acid Christopher B. Martin CHEM 3411 1 Mechanism of Bromine Addition to Alkenes Understanding the chemical mechanism (order of bonds broken and made as well as intermediates formed) has a great value in chemical synthesis. The chemical mechanism of a reaction will influence the rate of the reaction‚ the stereochemistry of the product(s)‚ and the extent of possible undesired side reactions. Organic reaction mechanisms investigate the path towards a desired product
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Discussion Using the Thin Layer Chromatography experiment‚ caffeine was found to be the most polar due to the fact that it stayed closer to the stationary phase. Caffeine contains four amine groups that are extremely polar as a result of the hydrogen bond and amide functional group. Acetaminophen was found to be the second most polar analgesic drug tested. Acetaminophen contains a polar alcohol group on one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted
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Practical 2 Reaction of alkane‚ alkene & alkyne Title: Reaction of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Objective: To carry out chemical test to differentiate an alkane and an alkene. Apparatus: dropper‚ test tube‚ hot plate Chemical reagents: bromine‚ toluene‚ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ acidified KMnO4‚ dichloromethane Method A. Bromine test 1.6 clean and dry test tube were taken and were labelled them A until F 2.1ml of dichloromethane were placed into each test tube 3.1 ml of
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Critical Analysis of Drugs and Alcohol from Interdisciplinary Perspectives Drugs and alcohol use has been a common and consistent problem in the United States for quite a long time. From the prohibition era in the 1920’s to the common drug use seen in the 1970’s‚ we have always seen a problem that needs to be addressed. An array of scholars‚ from all the disciplines‚ have each experimented and researched this topic in their own unique ways. The natural sciences take a purely scientific approach
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Lab 1: Alkene Addition: Bromination of (E)-stilbene I. Introduction: 1. The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by using pyridinium tribromide to brominate (E)-stilbene and to identify whether it formed the meso- or racemic product through melting point analysis. 2. This is the mechanism for the bromination of (E)-stilbene. However‚ this is the mechanism for Br2 and in class we us Pyridinium Tribromide instead due to the difficulties associated
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com Liquid Chromatography AP Chemistry Laboratory # 18 Publication No. 10535A Catalog No. AP9093 Introduction In this experiment‚ liquid chromatography is used to separate the substances that are present in grape-flavored Kool-Aid®. First‚ the dyes responsible for the purple color‚ FD&C Blue #1 and Red #40 are separated. Then‚ in a second experiment‚ the other components of Kool-Aid®‚ the flavorings and citric acid‚ are separated as well. Concepts • Resolution • Liquid chromatography • Selectivity
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Experiment: Comparing reactivities of alkanes and alkenes Aim: To compare the reactivities of an alkane and an alkene with bromine water and a solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Equipment: • 4 test tubes • Test-tube rack • 4 pipettes Safety: safety glasses must be worn to prevent injury to the eyes. Ensure room is well ventilated whilst using the hydro carbons. Method: 1. Place 1 ml of sample A (cyclohexane) into a test tube containing 4 mls of the bromine water solution. Record
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Mixtures and Solutions can often become confusing because solutions are mixtures‚ but not all mixtures are solutions. A mixture can either be homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is where the mixture’s components are distributed uniformly within the mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is where the components are not uniform. Mixtures can either be miscible or immiscible‚ the difference being whether or not the mixture forms a homogeneous mixture or not. In a solution a solute is soluble
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5.05 Ink Chromatography Basic Lab Components Background Information and Research: 1. Paper chromatography type of method that is used to separate mixtures of substances from a solution. 2. There are many uses for paper chromatography‚ especially concerning the fields of chemistry and biology. One use is to allow scientists to detect any sort of contaminants is rainwater. Another use is to identify clues at a crime scene such as blood‚ ink‚ or drugs. However‚ the more common use is to
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