PROBLEMS WITH THE AGENCY RELATIONSHIP If you are the sole owner of a business‚ you make the decisions that affect your own well-being. But what if you are a financial manager of a business and you are not the sole owner? In this case‚ you are making decisions for owners other than yourself; you‚ the financial manager‚ are an agent. An agent is a person who acts for—and exerts powers of—another person or group of persons. The person the agent represents is referred to as the principal. The relationship
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amount of discretion to pursue actions inconsistent with shareholder wealth maximization. By investing in a company‚ shareholders aim to maximize their wealth and achieve portfolio diversification. The objective of managers is assumed to be to further these interests by maximizing the firm’s share value. This can be achieved by taking on projects with positive NPV and good management of short-term capital and long-term debt. However‚ shareholders and managers are assumed to want to maximize their utilities;
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Financial Management (Agency problem) Prepared by: Sami Hassan Saeed Singabi August 2008 Introduction Economic science teaches us that due to their subjective needs‚ individuals have subjective preferences‚ and hence different interest. Occasionally different subjective interests give rise to conflicts of interest between contracting partners. These conflicts of interest may result in turn‚ in one or both parties undertaking actions that may be against the interest of the other
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QUESTION 2 INTRODUCTION Agency theory is a model that explicate why performance or judgment differ when display by member of a group. Specifically‚ it explains the connection between the party‚ called the principal that delegates work to another‚ called the agent. It clarify their dissimilarity in performance or judgment by noting that the two parties regularly have different goals and‚ independent of their respective goals‚ may have unusual manner toward threat. In another words‚ it can be also
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Different mechanisms are used in order to reduce and to limit the agency costs. In fact‚ firms use individual mechanisms to control agency problems that are unique to those individual firms. These plans are often substitutable and same mechanisms may provide different incentives. The efficiency depends on the firm’s characteristics and the selection of the appropriate portfolio. If I was a CEO I will create same changes: Stock Ownership Managerial ownership of a firm’s stock helps align the
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LEarNING OBJECtIVES After studying this chapter‚ you should understand: LO1 The basic types of financial management decisions and the role of the financial manager. LO2 The goal of financial management. LO3 The financial implications of the different forms of business organization. LO4 The conflicts of interest that can arise between managers and owners. I NTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE mortgages getting into financial difficulties and 1 Overview of Corporate Finance Pa rt 1 IN 2007‚ A
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Agency Problems‚ Auditing‚ and the Theory of the Firm: Some Evidence Author(s): Ross L. Watts and Jerold L. Zimmerman Source: Journal of Law and Economics‚ Vol. 26‚ No. 3‚ (Oct.‚ 1983)‚ pp. 613-633 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/725039 Accessed: 29/06/2008 23:14 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR ’s Terms and
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corporate governance 1. Agency problem 2. Stewardship theory 3. Resource dependency theory 4. Stakeholder theory 5. Political theory 6. Transaction cost economics 7. Ethical theory C. Principles of corporate governance D. SOX Act‚ E. Enron Scandal‚ Conclusion I. Introduction: The concept of corporate governance in legal and economic terms is equivalent to “the defense of shareholders”. Corporate governance is the response to typical agency problems between investors and managers of
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Introduction: Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch company‚ with a history of colonial exploitation‚ on which it has gradually built its capital. Today it owns most of the world’s consumer product brands in food‚ beverages‚ cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever employs more than 247‚000 people and had worldwide revenue of €48 760 million in 2002. Unilever has two parent companies: Unilever NV in Rotterdam‚ Netherlands‚ and Unilever PLC in London‚ United Kingdom. Both Unilever companies have
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cosmetics and other perfumes. However‚ only seven firms control 95 % of the market share. These firms are Unilever‚ Keya Cosmetics‚ Kohinoor Chemical Company‚ Lily Cosmetics‚ Marks & Allys Ltd.‚ Aromatic Cosmetics Ltd. and Squares Toiletries. An analysis of market share of soap‚ cleaning detergent‚ laundry detergent and detergents of major cosmetics and toiletries firms in Bangladesh reveals that Unilever Bangladesh plays the dominant role in the market. Global market researcher ACNielsen recently surveyed
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