1) How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? Osteoarthritis usually affects people 60 or older and is caused by increasing wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation. On the other hand rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition. It is caused by the body attacking its own tissues as well as allergies‚ bacteria‚ viruses‚ and other genetic factors. 2) When the triceps brachii muscle contracts‚ what movements does it produce? When
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organism. The neuromuscular junction is crucial for life and begin forming early in fetal development. As motor neurons develop‚ a protein called agrin is made. This stimulates the formation of a muscle specific kinase‚ which will build receptors for acetylcholine on the surface of the muscle fiber. Thus a neuromuscular junction is formed‚ with the neuron itself emitting the needed chemical for development. A neuromuscular joint begins with a neuron or nerve cell. Neurons also have long tails called an axon
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differ in distribution‚ function and substrate specificity. AChE is found in red blood cells‚ cholinergic fibres and muscle (motor end-plate)‚ existing as mainly membrane bound (Rang & Dale‚ 2007). It is highly specific for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and its principle role is termination of impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses through hydrolysis of ACh (Rang & Dale‚ 2007). Produced in the liver‚ BChE resides in the plasma and many tissues. Similarly‚ both enzymes hydrolyse
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and muscle motor end-plates (Wang & Tang‚ 2005). Butyrylcholinesterase (or pseudocholinesterase) is localized in the plasma and liver‚ and unlike AChE prefers to hydrolise butyrylcholine‚ benzoylchline‚ procaine and suxamethonium more so than acetylcholine (Brash‚ 2009). For the purposes of this experiment‚ activity of the enzymes will be measured based on visual observation of the change in colour of phenol red in a dilute buffer containing sodium diethylbarbiturate. The characteristic liberation
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increase their metabolism‚ which then increases their heart rate (UNT Lab Manual‚ 2017). In this experiment‚ three neurotransmitters are important: serotonin‚ acetylcholine‚ and epinephrine. Serotonin regulates the heart rate in invertebrates and will increase it‚ but in vertebrates it has variable effects (UNT Lab Manual‚ 2017). Acetylcholine will also speed up the crayfish’s heart rate‚ but in vertebrates will slow it down (UNT Lab Manual‚ 2017). Epinephrine will increase the heart rate in both invertebrates
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physioex 9.0 Purpose Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltage? What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction? Hypothesis I predict that the latent period will not change if the stimulant is increased or decreased. Materials Human Anatomy &Physiology Marieb/Hoehn PhysioEx™ Lab: Skeletal Muscle Physiology Results/Ananlysis EXERCISE 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology Name Valerie Jordan_ Lab Time/Date ___ Activity
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brain or as reflex action from the spinal cord. Beginning with depolarization at the neuromuscular junction‚ the depolarizing impulse discharges acetylcholine from the nerve ending. Which then diffuses over the neuromuscular junction (a chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber). At the motor end plate‚ the acetylcholine joins to its particular receptor locales. The ionic channels (principally sodium) open‚ permitting the particles to cross the membrane. In the
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EXERCISE 6: CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY |ACTIVITY 1: Investigating the Refractory Period of |Answers | |Cardiac Muscle | | |Which of the following types of muscle tissue can depolarize spontaneously in the |C- Cardiac Muscle
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Drugs and the nervous system Neurotransmitters within the body include excitatory and inhibitory‚ noradrenalin‚ dopamine‚ serotonin; acetylcholine and glutamate are examples of excitatory neurotransmitters. GABA and glycine are examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters. General anaesthetics General anaesthetics act mainly on the central nervous system to stop information processing; these may be given by inhalation or intravenously. Nitrous oxide or laughing gas is used in maintain anaesthesia
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that originate in the central nervous system cause muscles to contract. Both neurons and muscle tissue conduct electrical current by moving ions across cellular membranes. A motor neuron ends in a synapse with a muscle fiber. The neuron releases acetylcholine and transfers the action potential to the muscle tissue. The signal will travel through the tissue and trigger the contraction of individual sarcomeres. One synapse generally controls an entire muscle fiber. One motor neuron usually controls several
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