Professor Murphy Eng 103 13 March 2013 Medicinal Melodies Imagine a lifelong loved one responding to your greeting with an expression of unreserved confusion. They withdraw from the sincere hug you offer while demanding‚ “Who are you?” An embrace that was hoped to steal them from the unforgiving disease that often leaves them puzzled at the reflection in the mirror‚ for just a brief moment in time you wished to remind them. You share again the depths of your affection and pray‚ for a fleeting
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w w w e tr .X m eP UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level e ap .c rs om MARK SCHEME for the June 2004 question papers 9700 BIOLOGY 9700/01 9700/02 9700/03 9700/04 9700/05 9700/06 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)‚ maximum raw mark 40 Paper 2 (Theory 1)‚ maximum raw mark 60 Paper 3 (Practical 1)‚ maximum raw mark 25 Paper 4 (Theory 2 (A2 Core))‚ maximum raw mark 60 Paper 5 (Practical 2 (A2))‚ maximum raw mark 30 Paper 6 (Options
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see summation of the twitches and by ~15pps we see no single twitches because the muscle has reached tetanic contraction) ii. Effects of Ach blocker- tubocurare- twitch tension declines. Blocks Ach and no muscle contraction. It is necessary for acetylcholine to bind to receptors in order for sodium ion channels to open and allow an action potential to occur in the muscle which is known as an end plate potential iii. Effects of direct muscle stimulation 2. Expected results a. Increasing amplitude- increase
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1. Consider the equation F = DP/R. It describes the flow (F) of fluid in a tube in which there is a pressure difference (DP) between the two ends and a resistance (R) to flow. The equation indicates that(2.0 Score ) A.the flow of fluid from point A to point B in a tube depends upon the difference in pressure between A and B. B.the flow of fluid in a tube depends upon the absolute pressure at the beginning of the tube. C.the greater the resistance to flow in a tube‚ the greater the flow for any
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Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Cigarette smoking is now becoming a big issue through out the world and especially in the Philippines. Because of this‚ the researcher finds it interesting to make a research paper about it. The researcher wants to know the cause and effect of cigarette smoking amongst her fellow student in the City University of Pasay. The researcher thinks that everyone knows the side effects that the cigarette is giving to its user but the hardest
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From a young age we are taught to eat a balanced diet full of nutrients which in the body are broken down into individual ions and molecules. Of these ions and molecules‚ the most important are Calcium (Ca+2)‚ Sodium (Na+)‚ Potassium (K+) and ATP which are primarily derived in from what we eat but also the body synthesizes on its own. Ions play an important role due to their relative electrical charge. These important ions help regulate homeostasis in our bodies‚ as well as allowing us to move‚ absorb
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connections does each neuron have? It’s normal for each neuron to have 1000 connections 8. What is the space between neurons called? the synapse 9. What are neurotransmitters? A chemical substance‚ such as acetylcholine or dopamine‚ that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse. 9b? Where are they stored in the neuron within motor neuron endings 10. Neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory. Explain. Excitatory
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Targets can be divided into four categories… Ion Channels Their modulation by drugs is very important mechanism by which pharmacological actions are produced . 1. Voltage gated Na2+ channels ( local anesthetic) 2. Calcium channels ( Ca2+ channel blockers) 3. K+ channels ( in pancreatic β-cells) Enzymes * Many enzymes are targets for drugs * Drug molecules can act as competitive inhibitor of the enzyme e.g. neostigmine acting
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symptoms of Alzheimer’s including memory loss‚ confusion‚ and problems thinking and reasoning. Cholinesterase inhibitors are usually used to treat people in their early to moderate stage of Alzheimer’s. Cholinesterase inhibitors can help keep acetylcholine levels high which can help with communication. This medication can also delay symptoms for 6 to 12 months but this usually only happens to half of the people who take this medication. Memantine is used to treat people in the moderate to severe
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Hormones can react to increase blood pressure when it becomes low‚ the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system uses several ways to temporarily increase blood pressure when it has dropped for example during the fight or flight response. During the response‚ the sympathetic division is needed to stimulate the adrenal glands to release the hormones epinephrine and norepineprine which stimulate the heart to beat faster and for blood to flow more forcefully‚ this effect makes most of the
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