Hypothesis testing I Kevin Soo Outline • • • • Theory and the research process What is a hypothesis? Hypothesis testing Statistical models Theory and the research process Theory • A belief – Can be true or false – P (belief) • A proposed/possible explanation for something – ‘Some students do poorly at statistics because they have less exposure to mathematics’ – ‘Women don’t date me because I’m ugly’ – ‘Manchester United lost the Premier League because they struggled with injury
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Is Animal Testing a Necessity? Should researchers experiment on an animal to save human lives? Every year‚ millions of animals undergo painful torture‚ suffering‚ or death. For a result‚ of scientific research into the effects of drugs‚ cosmetics‚ food additives‚ and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary and required‚ but others were upset by what they see as needless suffering. Yet many opponents passionately argue that animal testing is wrong‚ unnecessary
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Animal testing in New Zealand Although there is no legal ban in New Zealand preventing cosmetic companies from testing their products or ingredients on animals they should really think twice before they start killing innocent animals. There are many‚ many ways which include testing on animals such as dogs‚ birds‚ deer‚ fish‚ cows‚ pigs‚ cats‚ mice‚ rats and rabbits. What these poor animals have to through is sad and beyond cruel. There are many tests carried out during cosmetics testing such
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Animal Testing Every year‚ over 100 million animals are painfully put to death because of animal testing. Experimentation on animals goes way back since the beginning of time. Typically it is conducted for advancement in scientific research‚ to test products and food before going out into the market‚ to find treatments or test medical drugs‚ and to protect people and the environment. Animal experimentation has been a controversial issue for quite some time‚ but has yet to be put to an end. Vivisection
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White-Box Testing White-box testing is a verification technique software engineers can use to examine if their code works as expected. In this chapter‚ we will explain the following: • a method for writing a set of white-box test cases that exercise the paths in the code • the use of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to manage the number of test cases that need to be written and to examine error-prone/extreme “corner” test cases • how to measure how thoroughly the test
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Hypothesis Testing I Pat Obi What is a “Hypothesis?” A statement or claim about the value of a population parameter: μ‚ σ2‚ p Pat Obi‚ Purdue University Calumet 2 Decision Rule 1. x 0 Z s n Compare calculated Z value to Z value from Table (critical Z value) Reject H0 if calculated Z value lies in the rejection/significance region (i.e. region) ALTERNATIVELY: 2. Compare p-value to Reject H0 if p-value < Pat Obi‚ Purdue University Calumet 3 Two-Tail Test Ex: H0: 0
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Ethics of Animal Testing An animal’s life in a laboratory is a cold‚ unhappy and unhealthy way of living. So‚ lucky for Libby she was rescued just in time. Libby is a small dog that spent many of her years in an animal testing laboratory. She was kept in very unhealthy and filthy conditions. Although Libby was not an old dog when she was rescued‚ she had severe tooth decay and was terribly emaciated. Her body was desperately trying to fend of the parasitic hookworms and tapeworms that lived
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comfortably in the minds of society. Similarly‚ there is one issue in particular which has also been a prevalent topic and deserves some further attention‚ animal testing. Also known as “animal experimentation” or “animal research”‚ has been a worldwide practice stemming from at least 500 BC. Popularly‚ the nature and features of animal testing has caused many to question its significance and overall legitimacy as it tends to resonate a sense of cruelty among the animals in examination. Proponents and
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Most of us can easily say that animal testing is evil‚ barbaric and should be banned‚ but when in reality‚ when faced with an actual choice‚ how many of us would honestly choose to potentially endanger a human’s life over an animal’s life? Animal testing should not be banned for several reasons. Firstly as human beings‚ it is in our nature to value human lives above animal lives. Whether it is wrong or right all species feel an inexplicable loyalty to their own species‚ making human life of greater
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by looking at the history of workplace testing‚ then discuss some types of psychological tests‚ how these tests benefit employers‚ common testing instruments‚ institutions that use these tests‚ and some related limitations and legal concerns. History of workplace testing It’s hard to put a date on the inception of psychological testing. Who knows‚ informal means of psychological testing could have been happening between cavemen. But psychological testing in the workplace is a relatively new concept
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