Andrew Carnegie United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)
John. D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil magnate. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company and aggressively ran it until he officially retired in 1897. Trust firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.
Social Darwinism the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
Gospel of Wealth Wealth", more commonly known as "The Gospel of Wealth", is an essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.
Monopoly the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
Knights of Labor The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, best known simply as the Knights of Labor (K of L), was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th Century.
AFL American Federation of Labor: a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955
Anarchists a person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy.
1. How did technology impact the growth of the United States? It affected the peoples standard of living, cities grew upward and outward. New and more efficient production techniques, as well as improvements in transportation and communication, paved the way for the rise of mass consumerism.
2. How did the rise of big business lead to the formation of labor unions? big businesses had more leverage over workers than little shops did. Therefore, workers felt that they needed to get leverage of their own. For this reason, they tried to form "big labor" to combat big business.
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Rockefeller controlled more than 95% of the world oil market. His Standard Oil Company was the monopoly of the oil market. He also earned the label robber baron from his oil monopolies. He used his intelligence to try a new way of oil business to blow the rest of the market away. He started his company by just refining oil. He considered that drilling for "black gold" would cost millions just to find the oil. Once he had enough money he found a way to control all of the oil industry. Instead of having to deal with middleman and payments for shipping he started his own barrels, refineries, pipelines, merchandised his oil, and even had his own fleet of tankers to avoid shipping. This great deal of organization is what earned him his fortunes. He grew such a strong business that he could use his great rebate attributes to skillfully gain the…
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