Final Exam Review
Psych 100 Final Exam Review
1. Perspectives in psychology:
i. Neuroscience: biological foundation of behavior. ii. Cognitive: Higher mental processes. iii. Developmental: change over time. iv. Personality: individual differences.
v. Health: how psychological factors affect health. vi. Clinical: psychological disorders and treatment. vii. Industrial-organizational: human resources and workplace assessment. viii. Social: effects of groups on behavior. ix. Experimental: learning.
x. Psychodynamic: emphasizes the inner, unconscious forces within the individual. xi. Humanistic: regards humans as having unique qualities that makes us different from animals.
2. Landmarks in psychology:
i. 4 Temperaments (1879):
a. Choleric: angry.
b. Sanguine: cheerful.
c. Melancholic: sad.
d. Phlegmatic: calm. ii. Blank Slate: something that has yet to be marked. iii. Introspection: record your thought, map out the thought process; structuralism: understanding the structure of the mind. iv. Stream of consciousness: activities of the mind (functionalism)
v. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: our perception is guided by more than the individual components of each.
3. A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural world. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study.
4. Types of research designs:
i. Archival: use existing information from an appropriate data source. ii. Naturalistic Observation: observe naturally occurring behavior in a specific set of situations iii. Survey research: Choose a sample to represent a larger population and ask them a series of questions. iv. Case study: intensively investigate an individual or small group.
v. Experimental: expose participants to different conditions and compare their responses.
5. Experimental group: is a group that receives treatment. Control group: group that receives no
1. Perspectives in psychology:
i. Neuroscience: biological foundation of behavior. ii. Cognitive: Higher mental processes. iii. Developmental: change over time. iv. Personality: individual differences.
v. Health: how psychological factors affect health. vi. Clinical: psychological disorders and treatment. vii. Industrial-organizational: human resources and workplace assessment. viii. Social: effects of groups on behavior. ix. Experimental: learning.
x. Psychodynamic: emphasizes the inner, unconscious forces within the individual. xi. Humanistic: regards humans as having unique qualities that makes us different from animals.
2. Landmarks in psychology:
i. 4 Temperaments (1879):
a. Choleric: angry.
b. Sanguine: cheerful.
c. Melancholic: sad.
d. Phlegmatic: calm. ii. Blank Slate: something that has yet to be marked. iii. Introspection: record your thought, map out the thought process; structuralism: understanding the structure of the mind. iv. Stream of consciousness: activities of the mind (functionalism)
v. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: our perception is guided by more than the individual components of each.
3. A theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural world. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study.
4. Types of research designs:
i. Archival: use existing information from an appropriate data source. ii. Naturalistic Observation: observe naturally occurring behavior in a specific set of situations iii. Survey research: Choose a sample to represent a larger population and ask them a series of questions. iv. Case study: intensively investigate an individual or small group.
v. Experimental: expose participants to different conditions and compare their responses.
5. Experimental group: is a group that receives treatment. Control group: group that receives no