Ap Euro notes
Chapter 13: European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Chapter Overview
•From the early seventeenth century through World War II, no region so dominated the world politically, militarily, and economically as Europe.
•During this period, power shifted from the Mediterranean area—where Spain and
Portugal had taken a lead in the conquest and early exploitation of the New World—to the states of northwest and later north-central Europe.
•Five major states, Great Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia were the leading powers in Europe.
•In west Europe, Britain and France emerged as dominant powers. (spain and the united Nether lands became political and had little military power.
The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline
*Section Overview o The United Provinces of the Netherland gained independence from Spain in 1572 but continued to battle other European powers like England and France throughout the second half of the 17th century.
o
Prince William III of Orange (1650-1702), the chief executive, or stadtholder, of
Holland which was the most important of the provinces, led the Dutch to victory against France.
o
The Netherlands maintained a republican system of government in which each of the provinces maintained a certain degree of autonomy. The central government in the Netherlands was known as the States General and met in the
Hague but the Dutch distrusted monarchy and honored the freedoms of the provinces. o
When there were major military challenges the people would still allow House of
Orange, William III to assume dominant leadership
o
When William died in 1703 and the wars with France ended in 1714 the Dutch reverted to the republic structure
o
Although the official religion of the Netherlands was the Reformed Calvinist
Church, the Dutch tolerated people of all faiths including Roman Catholics and
Jews.
*Urban Prosperity o The prosperous Dutch economy stemmed from
Chapter Overview
•From the early seventeenth century through World War II, no region so dominated the world politically, militarily, and economically as Europe.
•During this period, power shifted from the Mediterranean area—where Spain and
Portugal had taken a lead in the conquest and early exploitation of the New World—to the states of northwest and later north-central Europe.
•Five major states, Great Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia were the leading powers in Europe.
•In west Europe, Britain and France emerged as dominant powers. (spain and the united Nether lands became political and had little military power.
The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline
*Section Overview o The United Provinces of the Netherland gained independence from Spain in 1572 but continued to battle other European powers like England and France throughout the second half of the 17th century.
o
Prince William III of Orange (1650-1702), the chief executive, or stadtholder, of
Holland which was the most important of the provinces, led the Dutch to victory against France.
o
The Netherlands maintained a republican system of government in which each of the provinces maintained a certain degree of autonomy. The central government in the Netherlands was known as the States General and met in the
Hague but the Dutch distrusted monarchy and honored the freedoms of the provinces. o
When there were major military challenges the people would still allow House of
Orange, William III to assume dominant leadership
o
When William died in 1703 and the wars with France ended in 1714 the Dutch reverted to the republic structure
o
Although the official religion of the Netherlands was the Reformed Calvinist
Church, the Dutch tolerated people of all faiths including Roman Catholics and
Jews.
*Urban Prosperity o The prosperous Dutch economy stemmed from