worksheet 2

1. a) Define a cell. b) What is a unicellular organism? c) Can a cell be multicellular? A) the structural, functional, and biological unit of all organisms. B) a organism that only consisits on one cell C) A single cell cannot be multicellular.
2. a) What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? b) What is one significant similarity? A) eukaryotic cells have a neuclus, prokaryotic cells do not. B) Both have DNA
3. Which type of microscopy provides a 3d view of the surface of an object? A) a scanning tunneling microscope
4. Would you find proteins inside cells or cells inside proteins? (Choose one answer.) proteins in cells
5. Which typeof molecule travels through an aquaporin? Water molecules
6. Explain the basic organization (main components) of a plasma membrane. Include at least 4 distinct parts in your description. 1. Phospholipids – enhance the philological process 2. Glycoprotein-recognition factors for the membranc 3. Carbohydrates- same as no.2 4. Cholesterol – helps increase fluidity of the membrane
7. Osmosis is the net movement of ____water_______ across a __cell____________ from an area of _______high___ concentration to an area of ____low_______ concentration.
8. What would happen if an intravenous solution was hypertonic to blood? The cells in the area would have the water sucked out of them by osmosis
9. Why are the proteins that are involved in active transport often called pumps? Because the move substances against their concentration gradient
10. What is an organelle? An organized structure in a cell
11. Which are the members of the endomembrane system? Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microbodies, and the nuclear membrane
12. a) What two things make up chromatin? DNA and proteins b) What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? Chromosomes is what chromatin is made up of
13. Why do macrophages, which fight microbes, contain many lysosomes? To help break down all the substances such as microbes
14. What is the nuclear envelope? The double lipid bilayer membrance that surrounds genetic material What are nuclear pores? Large protein complexes the cross the nuclear envelope
15. a) What is the most obvious difference in structure between rough and smooth ER? Rough has ribosomes smooth doesnt b) What type of macromolecule does each produce? Rough produces antibodies smooth produces enzymes
16. Fill in the blanks. Mitochondria use molecules of the gas _____membrane____ and give off molecules of the gas ___membrance_____.
17. a) What occurs at the ribosomes? Protein synthesis b) List the 2 components that make up a ribosome. Proteins and RNA
18. Which pathway of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? Aerobic respiration
19. a) Which step of cellular respiration produces: pyruvate, 2 ATP molecules and electrons? Glycolysis b) Which pathway of cellular respiration acceptselectrons carried by NADH molecules? Cytric acid cycle
20. Which two pathways of cellular respiration require oxygen? Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
21. List one ATP producing process that occurs during anaerobic conditions. fermentation
22. What are the 4 major types of tissue? (List.) epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle
23. Blood is a type of _____connective_____ tissue. Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to ___red blood______ _cells________, which bathes the body's cells and then removes carbon dioxide and wastes.
24. _______lymph____ is a clear fluid connective tissue that is derived from the fluids surrounding the tissues. It is transported to particular vessels in the cardiovascular system by the __lymphatic___________ vessels.
25. The four types of tissues form organs and organs are organized into organ systems. The skin is the major organ of the ___integumentary__________ system.
26. Which organ system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream? endocrine
27. Which organ system excretes metabolic wastes and helps control fluid and pH balance? urinary
28. Meningitis is a life threatening inflammation of the meninges. What are the meninges? Membranes that surround the central nervous system
29. Explain how a negative feedback mechanism differs from a positive feedback mechanism. A positive has more output, a negative reduces output