Water of Crystallization in Washing Soda
Aim: To determine the water of crystallization in washing soda crystals (Na2CO3.xH2O)
Research Question: What is the percentage composition and the amount (in moles) of water in the given ionic hydrate? (Na2CO3.xH2O)
Background Information: Sodium Carbonate also known as Washing Soda (Na2CO3.xH2O) is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. Sodium carbonate is domestically well known for its everyday use as a water softener. It is also used to remove grease, oil and wine stains. It can be extracted from the ashes of many plants. It is synthetically produced in large quantities from salt (sodium chloride) and limestone in a process known as the Solvay process. Titration is also known as titrimetry. It is the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in a solution by adding a standard reagent of known concentration to it, in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a colour change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. There are many types of titration, like acid is the type of titration used in this experiment. -base titration, redox titration, gas phase titration etc. Acid-base titration
When water is chemically combined with other elements in a crystal, it is known as water of crystallization. The water of crystallization is necessary for the maintenance of crystalline properties, but it can be removed by heat. Water of crystallization is also known as water of hydration or crystallization water and it is mostly found in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio.
Hydrated ionic compounds are regular ionic compounds that contain a specific number of water molecules in their respective crystals. Hydrates that spontaneously lose water to the atmosphere are known as efflorescent. Compounds that spontaneously absorb water from the atmosphere are known as hygroscopic. Each ionic hydrate has a fixed water of crystallization, and this varies for
Research Question: What is the percentage composition and the amount (in moles) of water in the given ionic hydrate? (Na2CO3.xH2O)
Background Information: Sodium Carbonate also known as Washing Soda (Na2CO3.xH2O) is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. Sodium carbonate is domestically well known for its everyday use as a water softener. It is also used to remove grease, oil and wine stains. It can be extracted from the ashes of many plants. It is synthetically produced in large quantities from salt (sodium chloride) and limestone in a process known as the Solvay process. Titration is also known as titrimetry. It is the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in a solution by adding a standard reagent of known concentration to it, in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a colour change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. There are many types of titration, like acid is the type of titration used in this experiment. -base titration, redox titration, gas phase titration etc. Acid-base titration
When water is chemically combined with other elements in a crystal, it is known as water of crystallization. The water of crystallization is necessary for the maintenance of crystalline properties, but it can be removed by heat. Water of crystallization is also known as water of hydration or crystallization water and it is mostly found in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio.
Hydrated ionic compounds are regular ionic compounds that contain a specific number of water molecules in their respective crystals. Hydrates that spontaneously lose water to the atmosphere are known as efflorescent. Compounds that spontaneously absorb water from the atmosphere are known as hygroscopic. Each ionic hydrate has a fixed water of crystallization, and this varies for