Variables Affecting Urine Output and Solute Concentration
Variables Affecting Urine Output and Solute Concentration
BIOL 204 505
Anatomy and Physiology II
Author:
Lab Partners:
November 29, 2013
Purpose
Three experiments were performed to determine the effect on Specific Gravity, NaCl Concentrations and Urine Output with the variables consisting of consuming water, salty chips, sports drink, diet and regular soda, and a control group which consumed nothing.
Results
Baseline Values and Chemstick Analysis
Observation/Test
Normal Value
Experimental Value
Color
Pale yellow
Medium yellow
Transparency
Clear (transparent)
Clear with particulate matter
Odor
Characteristic
Normal urine odor
Total Volume
Varies
30ml
Specific Gravity
1.001-1.030
1.011
NaCl
4-17g/L
3g/L
WBC
Negative
Moderate
Nitrate
Negative
Negative
Protein (albumin)
Negative
Trace
Glucose
Negative
Negative
Ketone
Negative
Negative
Bilirubin
Negative
Negative
RBC
Negative
Negative pH 5.5-7.5
6.5
Control Group
Sports Drink
Water
Soda
Salty Chips
Discussion
All Chemstick values were within normal range with the exception of Transparency, NaCl, White Blood Cells, and Protein.
During the Transparency examination, the presence of white particulate matter was noted. Possibilities include casts (indicative of disease - uncommon), epithelial cells, crystal formation, or contamination. Further investigation is required to determine cause.
Sodium levels were very slightly below normal, which is no cause for concern.
WBCs were present in moderate amounts, possibly indicating a urinary tract infection. This could also be due to lack of aseptic technique during collection. The absence of nitrites supports this conjecture (Urinalysis Reagent).
The group assignment was to ingest 20 ounces of water within a 15-minute period. Water should be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing blood volume and lowering osmolarity. This assumption was verified in the
BIOL 204 505
Anatomy and Physiology II
Author:
Lab Partners:
November 29, 2013
Purpose
Three experiments were performed to determine the effect on Specific Gravity, NaCl Concentrations and Urine Output with the variables consisting of consuming water, salty chips, sports drink, diet and regular soda, and a control group which consumed nothing.
Results
Baseline Values and Chemstick Analysis
Observation/Test
Normal Value
Experimental Value
Color
Pale yellow
Medium yellow
Transparency
Clear (transparent)
Clear with particulate matter
Odor
Characteristic
Normal urine odor
Total Volume
Varies
30ml
Specific Gravity
1.001-1.030
1.011
NaCl
4-17g/L
3g/L
WBC
Negative
Moderate
Nitrate
Negative
Negative
Protein (albumin)
Negative
Trace
Glucose
Negative
Negative
Ketone
Negative
Negative
Bilirubin
Negative
Negative
RBC
Negative
Negative pH 5.5-7.5
6.5
Control Group
Sports Drink
Water
Soda
Salty Chips
Discussion
All Chemstick values were within normal range with the exception of Transparency, NaCl, White Blood Cells, and Protein.
During the Transparency examination, the presence of white particulate matter was noted. Possibilities include casts (indicative of disease - uncommon), epithelial cells, crystal formation, or contamination. Further investigation is required to determine cause.
Sodium levels were very slightly below normal, which is no cause for concern.
WBCs were present in moderate amounts, possibly indicating a urinary tract infection. This could also be due to lack of aseptic technique during collection. The absence of nitrites supports this conjecture (Urinalysis Reagent).
The group assignment was to ingest 20 ounces of water within a 15-minute period. Water should be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing blood volume and lowering osmolarity. This assumption was verified in the
References: Admin, (January 19, 2011), Floating Things in Urine: White Particles Floating In Urine, Simple Remedies, retrieved from http://www.simple-remedies.com/health-tips-2/floating-things-in-urine.html Marieb, Elaine M. Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. (2013), pp. 705-706. R. D. Wemple, D. R. Lamb, K. H. McKeever, Caffeine vs Caffeine-Free Sports Drinks: Effects on Urine Production at Rest and During Prolonged Exercise, International Journal of Sports Medicine 1997; 18(1): 40-46 Shane Que Hee, (1993). Biological Monitoring: An Introduction, New York, NY Van Norstrand Reinhold Urinalysis Reagent Strips, Expected Results and Technical Discussion, Retrieved from http://craigmedical.com/urinalysis_techs.htm