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The Tempest Final Exam Essay

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The Tempest Final Exam Essay
Final Exam Study Guide
Cosimo d’Medici- ruled Florence during the Renaissance from behind the scenes; very wealthy; political dynasty based on his family; backed architect for the dome on Basilica of St. Mary of the Flower
Vasco da Gama- 1400/1500’s; Portuguese explorer; one of the most successful in the age of exploration and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India; discovered a route to India around the Cape of Good Hope on the southern tip of Africa
Caliban- main character in Shakespeare’s The Tempest; represents theme of nature; anti-hero; slave, uncivilized, savage; knew world far better than Prospero; yearned for freedom; claimed island; was set free by Prospero at the end
Society of Jesus- 1540; Jesuits;
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Treaty of Tordesillas- 1494; treaty between Spain and Portugal; set a longitudinal line; anything west of line will belong to Spain; anything east of line will belong to Portugal
Sistine Chapel- painted by Michelangelo during the Renaissance in the 1500’s; chapel in Vatican
Voltaire- 1700’s; French Enlightenment writer famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties including freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade, and separation of church and state
Cristoforo Colombo- 1492; age of exploration; Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to Spanish colonization of the New World; sailed to America in search of India; funded by Ferdinand and Isabella
Hernan Cortes- 1500’s CE during Aztec Empire; Spanish conquistadores with Tlaxcalan defeated Aztec Empire; Cortes was leader of Spanish conquistadores; was the father of the first mixed child- Mestizo
Arminianism- during age of exploration; free will; 1600’s; opposes predetermination
Triangular trade- Atlantic triangular slave trade; late 16th to early 19th centuries; carried slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America; started in Africa Caribbean sea where sugar grew Europe where wheat was turned into beer and traded for sugar Africa where beer was traded for

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