the development of higher education
The Development of American Higher Education
The Development of American Higher Education
History and Expansion of Higher Education
Germany has been the trendsetter in higher education, influencing ideas and models, and inspiring an expansion of academe since the nineteenth century. During this time, European governments began to see the connection between universities, economic growth, and military strength. This led to one of the most significant innovations of the era: the use of higher education to satisfy the needs of national economic and social development. The notions that higher education should be supported by public funds, that the university should participate in the creation and transmission of knowledge, and that institutions should be permitted a degree of autonomy, or the power to govern without outside controls, were attributable to the growth of universities in the nineteenth century (Altbach, Gumport, & Bedahl, 2011, p. 18).
The expansion of higher education has been defined as the single-most important trend worldwide (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 21). Altbach et al. (2011) explore the history and development of this growth as it pertains to the United States. Although its conception dates back to the seventeenth century, the 1820s and 1830s marked two of the most expansive decades for American higher education. Enrollments peaked drastically due to the establishment of denominational colleges (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 49). By 1908, the standard American university could be defined as: admitting only bona fide high school graduates, providing two years of general education followed by two years of advanced or specialized courses, offering doctoral training in at least five departments, and having at least one professional school. As a result, the universities became the most powerful force in generating standards for the rest of higher education (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 53).
Altbach et al. (2011) depict
The Development of American Higher Education
History and Expansion of Higher Education
Germany has been the trendsetter in higher education, influencing ideas and models, and inspiring an expansion of academe since the nineteenth century. During this time, European governments began to see the connection between universities, economic growth, and military strength. This led to one of the most significant innovations of the era: the use of higher education to satisfy the needs of national economic and social development. The notions that higher education should be supported by public funds, that the university should participate in the creation and transmission of knowledge, and that institutions should be permitted a degree of autonomy, or the power to govern without outside controls, were attributable to the growth of universities in the nineteenth century (Altbach, Gumport, & Bedahl, 2011, p. 18).
The expansion of higher education has been defined as the single-most important trend worldwide (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 21). Altbach et al. (2011) explore the history and development of this growth as it pertains to the United States. Although its conception dates back to the seventeenth century, the 1820s and 1830s marked two of the most expansive decades for American higher education. Enrollments peaked drastically due to the establishment of denominational colleges (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 49). By 1908, the standard American university could be defined as: admitting only bona fide high school graduates, providing two years of general education followed by two years of advanced or specialized courses, offering doctoral training in at least five departments, and having at least one professional school. As a result, the universities became the most powerful force in generating standards for the rest of higher education (Altbach et al., 2011, p. 53).
Altbach et al. (2011) depict
References: Altbach, P., Gumport, P., & Berdahl, R. (Eds.). (2011). American higher education in the Twenty-First Century (3rd Edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kasworm, C., Rose, A., & Ross-Gordon, J. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of adult and continuing education. Los Angeles: SAGE. Vinciguerra, T. (March 23, 1997). Nassau College being sued again over nature of sex education. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/23/nyregion/nassau-college-being-sued-again-over-nature-of-sex-education.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm