The Appalachians are a chain of mountains that run from eastern Newfoundland, Canada to Alabama, US. They are the result of three major orogenic events that divide, by means of major thrust faults, into separate provenances: the Valley and Ridge province, the Blue Ridge province, and the Piedmont, from West to East respectively. Each provenance formed at a different time and is comprised of regionally distinct lithologies (Chernicoff, 1995).…
Tectonic plate’s movement creates ocean basins, mid-ocean ridges, through collision. Colliding plates push sedimentary materials into an uplifted mass of rock that contains numerous folds and faults. The Earth has undergone a number of mountain building periods. The process of creation is first by the accumulation of sediments then the tectonic collision causes rock deformation and crystal uplift and finally the isocratic rebound continues to cause uplift despite erosion and causes the development of new mountain peaks through block faulting.…
The upland area of the Australian Alps is underlain by marine sediments. Then through denudation the area was worn down and dissected by different forms of weathering and erosion. Once the land was uplifted and exposed to the effects of weathering, the varying degrees of resistance to erosion offered by different rock types became important. Softer sedimentary rocks eroded far more quickly, leaving the more resistant rocks in the highest areas. Rivers and streams cut down through soft, sedimentary rocks to form deep, wide valleys and narrow gorges with spectacular waterfalls. The Australian Alps are ‘mountains with soil’ as distinct from many alpine ranges overseas which are ‘rock mountains’. Mountains on other continents are generally younger and steeper, and have been more heavily glaciated, all factors that contribute to the absence of soil. In the Australian Alps, low temperatures slow down chemical weathering of the various types of bedrock, thus slowing the formation of soil. At the higher elevations ice crystals form inside rock cracks (nivation), speeding up the mechanical shattering of rocks as the ice expands and opens up the cracks even more.…
Pangaea was a supercontinent that formed around 300 million years ago and began to break apart around 200 million years ago, during the times of the Pangaea of the land was on one continent and all of the sea was one giant ocean. This theory was coined during a 1927 symposium discussing Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift, he posed the idea that prior to the breaking up and drifting to their present locations, all of the continents had at one time been a single supercontinent as seen pictured on the right. The breaking and forming of the supercontinents appears to have been cyclical through the Earth’s history. Alfred Wegeners theory talked about how icebergs may behave the same as moving continents, and how therefore plate tectonics caused the movement of continental crust.…
The Great Ice Age thrust down over North America & scoured the present day American Midwest.…
When Mexican natives developed wild grass into corn, it allowed tribes to establish permanent settlements, ultimately leading to the birth of centralized Aztec and Incan nation-states as well as other native tribes to grow in number and technological advance. This new process of cultivating corn spread throughout America, allowing tribes all over the continent to settle in one place and advance their population, although most tribes in North America never progressed into empires like the Aztecs. Groups that used corn to build large tribes include the Mound Builders of the Ohio River valley, the Mississippian culture, and the southwest Anasazi. When corn cultivation reached the Atlantic coast, a method, known as three-sister farming, developed.…
There are several mussel listed on the endangered species in the state of Tennessee but one that stood out the most is the Appalachian Elktoe. There is little known about how this species became endangered but it seem that pollutants to the Tennessee rivers and streams are the main culprits. The Elktoe was added to the Federal Endangered list November23, 1994. Since the listing, there are three important facts to consider from this research; they are; how they got to be endangered, and the recovery plan to bring them back.…
Continuous shifting and folding of the earth’s crust formed the Appalachians, Rockies, and other huge mountain ranges.…
One of the most heavily protected and environmentally significant areas of Australia is the Blue Mountains region. It consists of a range of unique geology and biodiversity, and as a result it was found to be a prominent region in which it would be internationally recognized and listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Estate because of the many natural facets (UNESCO, 2009 and Commonwealth Government, 2009a). There are numerous national parks that are now regarded as part of the Greater Blue Mountains area, since the founding of the Blue Mountains National park 50 years ago (SITE). Most of these areas are in great ecological condition and are naturally vegetated (SITE)(Commonwealth Government, 1998).…
When the exact location of Appalachia is considered, there are many different opinions. Some would say that Appalachia is an attitude rather than a geographic location, while others argue that Appalachia is a location, running the same path as the Appalachian Mountains. Others even argue that things such as coal, music, or the attitudes of rebellion and freedom define the location of Appalachia. According to this video and the Appalachian Regional Commission, (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3b8LnloTtw) Appalachia is “a 205,000 square mile region that follows the Appalachian Mountains for more than 1,000 miles.” It includes all of West Virginia and parts of 12 other states: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi,…
areas of the Appalachian Uplands, and the far southern parts of the Laurentians. More than four-fifths of…
1. What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it "fertile ground" for a great nation?…
In Uneven Ground, the author Ronald D. Eller narrates the economic, political, and social change of Appalachia after World War II. He writes “persistent unemployment and poverty set Appalachia off as a social and economic problem area long before social critic Michael Harrington drew attention to the region as part of the “other America” in 1962.”(pp.2) Some of the structural problems stated by Eller include problems of land abuse, political corruption, economic shortsightedness, and the loss of community and culture; personally view the economic myopia as being the most daunting.…
Gill, Anthony. “The Study of Liberation Theology: What Next?.” Journal for the Scientific Study of…
The Cambrian follows the Vendian period, during which time the continents had been joined in a single supercontinent called Rodinia (from the Russian word for "homeland", rodina). As the Cambrian began, Rodinia began to fragment into smaller continents, which did not always correspond to the ones we see today.…