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Tactical Decisions

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Tactical Decisions
Abstract

The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a performance measurement tool available to Management Accountants. In conducting this study, classical and modern literature on BSC as well as its real world applications in a potentially global company was reviewed. It was found that BSC provides valuable information that supports managers in taking strategic as well as tactical decisions. In addition, BSC appears to be positively associated with profitability and managers’ job satisfaction. In terms of real world application, BSC was found to be widely applied among businesses. It is used mainly as a tool of ‘Strategic Decision Making’ but exerts greatest influence on ‘Business Actions’.

Contents Page 1. Introduction 6 2. The Need for Performance Evaluation Systems 7
2.1 Performance measurement as a tool 7 3. Origins of Balanced Score Card (BSC) 8
3.1 Customer Domain 9
3.2 Financial Domain 10
3.3 Internal – Business – Process Domain 10
3.4 Learning and Growth Domain 10 4. The Merits Balanced Score Card 11
4.1. The Relationship between Balanced Scorecard Characteristics and
Manager 's Job Satisfaction 12
4.1.1. Perspective framework 12
4.2. BSC and Strategy 13
4.3. Managers’ job satisfaction 14 5. Demerits of Balanced Score Card 15 6. Case Studies 16
6.1. Zenith Systems 16
6.2. Health Care Industry 17 7. Balanced Scorecard Business Survey 18
7.1 Uses of Balanced Scorecard 18
7.2. Influence of BSC on Processes 19
7.3. Reporting Frequency 19 8. Conclusion 20 9. Recommendation 20 10. References 21-22

List of figures Page
Table 1 8
Figure 1



References: 2GC (2010) 2GC Balanced Scorecard Usage Survey 2010, 2GC Limited (Website), Available from http://www.2gc.co.uk/2GC-BSCsurvey2010, Accessed 14/11/2010. 2GC (2009) 2GC Case Study Zenith Systems: Cascaded 3rd Generation Balanced Scorecard in a small services company. Maidenhead: 2GC Limited, Available from http://www.2gc.co.uk/pdf/2GC-CS-Zenith-090407.pdf, Accessed 15/11/2010. Ahu, H. (2001) ‘Applying the Balanced Scorecard concept: An Experience Report’, Long Range Planning, 34, pp 411-461. Amaratunga, D., Baldry,D. And Sarhar,M. (2001) ’process improvement through performance measurement I the balanced scorecard methodology’, MCB University Press. 5, pp 179-189. Atkinson, A., Waterhouse, J. And Wells, R. (1997) ‘A stakeholder approach to strategic performance measurement’, Sloan Management Review, 38 (3), pp25-37. Behn, R. (2003) ‘Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures’, Public Administration Review, 63 (5), pp 586-606. Bontis, N. Dragonetti, N., Jacobsen, K. And Roos, G. (1999) ‘The Knowledge Tool box I A review of the Tools Available to Measure and Resources’, Europen Management Journal , 17,W04, pp 391-402. Burney, L. And Swanson, N. (2010) ‘The relationship between balanced scorecard characteristics and Manager’s job satisfaction’, Journal of Managerial Issues, 22 (2), pp 166-181. Church, K. And Smith, R. (2007) ‘An Extension of the REA Framework to Support Balanced Scorecard Information Requirements’, Journal of Information Systems, 21 (1), pp 1-25. Crabtree, A. And Debusk, G. (2008) ‘The effects of adopting the Balanced Scorecard on shareholder returns’, Advances in Accounting, Incorporating Advances in International Accounting, 24, pp 8-15. Ebnerason, A., Yavarian, H., And Azodi, M. (2009) ‘Performance Evaluation of Organizations: An Integrated Data Envelopment Analysis and Balanced Scorecard Approach’, International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (4), pp 42-48. Eccles, R. (1991) ‘The performance measurement manifesto’, Harvard Business Review, 69 (1), pp 131-137. Figge, F., Hahn, T. Schaltegger, S. and Wagner, M. (2002) ‘The sustainability balanced scorecard – Linking sustainability management to business strategy’, Business Strategy and the Environment 11, pp 269–284. Ittner, C., Larcker, D. And Meyer, M. (2003) ‘Subjectivity and the weighting of performance measures: Evidence from a Balanced score card’, The Accounting Review, 78 (3), pp 725-758. Kaplan, R. And Norton, D. (1996) the balanced scorecard: translating strategy into action, U.S.A., the president and fellows of Harvard college. Mooraj, S., Oyon, D. And Hostettler, D. (1999) ‘The Balanced Scorecard: a Necessary Good or an Unnecessary Evil?’, European Management Journal. 17, (5), pp 481–491. Schiehll, E. and Morissette, R. (2000) ‘Motivation, Measurement and Rewards from a performance Evaluation domain’, RAC. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 4 (3), pp 07-24. Storey, A. (2002)’ Performance Management in Schools: could the Balanced Scorecard help’, School Leadership & Management. 22, (3), pp 321–338. Woodhall, M. (2004) ‘Human capital: Educational aspects’, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp 6951-6955. Zelman, W., Pink, G., And Matthias, C. (2003) ‘Use of the Balanced scorecard in Health care’, Journal of Health Care Finance, 4 (1), pp 01-16.

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