T Cell Syndrome

The T-cell subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia frequently enlarges the thymus. The thymus is a small organ in the center of the chest in front of the trachea and behind the sternum. This enlargement can put pressure on the trachea causing breathing problems and coughing. An enlarged thymus also may press on the superior vena cava, or SVC, causing blood to back up in the veins. SVC Syndrome can result in the swelling of the face, arms, neck, and upper chest. Also, dizziness, headaches, and a change in consciousness. The SVC Syndrome must be treated immediately because it can be