Sulfonylureas Side Effects
Side Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Agents
Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia.(35) Sulphonylureas should be avoided where possible in severe hepatic impairment and in acute porphyria . They should not be used during pregnancy or breast-feeding .Sulphonylureas are contra-indicated in the presence of ketoacidosis.(36)
Biguanides is associated with a low frequency of lactic acidosis. Biguanides major side effects are seen in the gastrointestinal tract, with nausea, cramps, and diarrhea. These side effects occur in 30% of patients but are usually transient and can be ameliorated or avoided by prescribing Biguanides to be taken after meals and starting with a low dose that is built up slowly. Only 3% of patients have to …show more content…
(38)
The major side effect of a-glucosidase inhibitors is flatulence. This occurs when undigested carbohydrate enters the large bowel, where it is digested by colonic bacteria resulting in gas formation. At high doses or in the presence of renal decompensation, hepatic necrosis may occur due to high serum a-glucosidase levels. In addition, because of suppressed a-glucosidase activity, sucrose is unlikely to correct hypoglycemia in those patients who take insulin or sulfonylureas in addition to taking an a-glucosidase inhibitor; in these patients, glucose tablets should be given to correct hypoglycemia.(39)
Therapy with acarbose has been linked to elevations in serum transaminase levels and the use of this agent is contraindicated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Likewise, concentrations of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to increase proportionally to the degree of renal dysfunction and their use in patients with a serum creatinine level more than 2.0 mg per dL is not recommended. Other contraindications include patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a history of bowel obstruction.
Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia.(35) Sulphonylureas should be avoided where possible in severe hepatic impairment and in acute porphyria . They should not be used during pregnancy or breast-feeding .Sulphonylureas are contra-indicated in the presence of ketoacidosis.(36)
Biguanides is associated with a low frequency of lactic acidosis. Biguanides major side effects are seen in the gastrointestinal tract, with nausea, cramps, and diarrhea. These side effects occur in 30% of patients but are usually transient and can be ameliorated or avoided by prescribing Biguanides to be taken after meals and starting with a low dose that is built up slowly. Only 3% of patients have to …show more content…
(38)
The major side effect of a-glucosidase inhibitors is flatulence. This occurs when undigested carbohydrate enters the large bowel, where it is digested by colonic bacteria resulting in gas formation. At high doses or in the presence of renal decompensation, hepatic necrosis may occur due to high serum a-glucosidase levels. In addition, because of suppressed a-glucosidase activity, sucrose is unlikely to correct hypoglycemia in those patients who take insulin or sulfonylureas in addition to taking an a-glucosidase inhibitor; in these patients, glucose tablets should be given to correct hypoglycemia.(39)
Therapy with acarbose has been linked to elevations in serum transaminase levels and the use of this agent is contraindicated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Likewise, concentrations of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to increase proportionally to the degree of renal dysfunction and their use in patients with a serum creatinine level more than 2.0 mg per dL is not recommended. Other contraindications include patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a history of bowel obstruction.