sociological perspectives

Marxism: An economic, social, and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors. Developed in the 19th century by Karl Marx (1818-1883). Marxism says that people in the world are organized into different classes based on their relationship to how things are made. Most people are called "workers" because they work in factories or offices or farms for money. They belong to the "working class" (or "proletariat"). Another group, who are not as big as the working class are "capitalists", because they own the factories, land and buildings that the workers have to work in and also own all of the tools the workers have to use. This is called “the ruling class”. Is a macro perspective.
Functionalism: the theory that all parts of a society serve a different function and are necessary for the survival of that society and contribute to society working together as a whole to serve and function properly. It was developed in the 19th century. Is a macro perspective.
Feminism: is a movement that is to define, establish, and defend equal political, economic, cultural, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. Developed in the 19th century. Feminism can adopt either a macro or micro perspective to understanding human behaviour, namely how gender impacts behaviour giving rise to inequality.
Interactionism: Interactionism is micro and believes that meaning is produced through the interactions of individuals. It is the study of how individuals act within society. Interactionist theory is 20th century and has become one of the dominant sociological perspectives in the world today.
Collectivism: was developed in the 20th century. The individual is perceived as a lesser entity to a nation, a state, a social class or a race. Collectivism emphasises control and ownership of production and distribution under the supervision of, a government and by the people jointly and cooperatively, while Individualism means the rights and interests of the individual are emphasised. When collectivism exists, it is believed that the individual finds freedom and true self only when submitting to the general will of the community. Collectivism is both macro and micro.
Post modernism: Postmodernism is a 20th century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. Postmodernism includes sceptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism.
The new right: 19th century. A range of radical right-wing groups and ideologies which advocate laissez-faire economic policies, anti-welfarism, and the belief in the rights of the individual over the common good. Is a macro perspective.