SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES.
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES.
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The Role Of Reinforcement:
Albert Bandura proposed that gender role development is the result of learning from the social role models an individual has available to them. (E.g. Parents, siblings, friends, media.) These individuals model and reinforce gender role behaviours. Bandura suggested that there were three different forms of reinforcement:
1. Indirect Reinforcement: Children observe the behaviours of others and learn the consequences of this behaviour, this information is then stored by the child as an expectation for future outcome, and the child learns and imitates these behaviours as a result of vicarious reinforcement.
2. Direct Reinforcement: When a child is positively or negatively reinforced for their gender typical behaviours, resulting in these behaviours being repeated.
3. Direct Tuition: Children learn from the explicit instructions given to them about gender roles, and gender appropriate behaviours, when informed of what is appropriate and inappropriate conduct.
"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.
Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action."
-Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory,
1977
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES.
•
Evidence to support modelling:
Initial support for learning and modelling came from Bandura’s Bobo doll study, which demonstrated the effects of adult modelling on children’s aggressive behaviours.
Perry and Bussey’s experiment also supports the idea of modelling. However, they found that children only modelled samesex behaviour as long as the behaviour didn’t fall outside of normal gender stereotypes (e.g. men wearing dresses and
women
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES.
•
The Role Of Reinforcement:
Albert Bandura proposed that gender role development is the result of learning from the social role models an individual has available to them. (E.g. Parents, siblings, friends, media.) These individuals model and reinforce gender role behaviours. Bandura suggested that there were three different forms of reinforcement:
1. Indirect Reinforcement: Children observe the behaviours of others and learn the consequences of this behaviour, this information is then stored by the child as an expectation for future outcome, and the child learns and imitates these behaviours as a result of vicarious reinforcement.
2. Direct Reinforcement: When a child is positively or negatively reinforced for their gender typical behaviours, resulting in these behaviours being repeated.
3. Direct Tuition: Children learn from the explicit instructions given to them about gender roles, and gender appropriate behaviours, when informed of what is appropriate and inappropriate conduct.
"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do.
Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action."
-Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory,
1977
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER ROLES.
•
Evidence to support modelling:
Initial support for learning and modelling came from Bandura’s Bobo doll study, which demonstrated the effects of adult modelling on children’s aggressive behaviours.
Perry and Bussey’s experiment also supports the idea of modelling. However, they found that children only modelled samesex behaviour as long as the behaviour didn’t fall outside of normal gender stereotypes (e.g. men wearing dresses and
women